Advance English Grammar (Preliminary)

Question 1

– systematic set of rules of a language
- it is what we used to structured language
- it is a language system that allows words to change their form, their order in a sentence and combine with other words in novel ways.

Answer 1

Grammar

Question 2

group of words without complete thought

Answer 2

Phrases

Question 3

group of phrases with or without complete thought

Answer 3

Clauses

Question 4

group of words with complete thought

Answer 4

Sentences

Question 5

• Words that come at the beginning of a noun phrase.
• It serves as a marker to identify nouns within the sentence about their quantity, definiteness or ownership.
• Also called limiting adjectives.

Answer 5

Determiners

Question 6

A part of speech and this type of determiners specifies if noun is known or unknown to the speaker. It precedes a noun or noun phrase and identifies it as either specific or nonspecific.

Answer 6

Articles

Question 7

restricts the meaning of a noun to make it more specific or definite.

Answer 7

The

Question 8

is the the. It is definite if it is known and it indicates specific thing (the bathroom, the school, the performers, the freshmen, the professors, the accounting office, the pets).

Answer 8

Definite article

Question 9

Another way to make a statement more general is to use no article at all. Zero article usually applies to plurals or to mass nouns

Answer 9

Absolute zero

Question 10

are a and an. It is indefinite when it is unknown to the speaker. An article can appear alone before the noun if modifies or in combination with one or more descriptive adjectives (a ball, a cat, a leaf, a book, a cellular phone, an occasion, an orange)

Answer 10

Indefinite articles

Question 11

– my, his, her, its, our, your, their
- This performs the useful task of telling us what belongs to, or is related to, something else.

Answer 11

Possessive adjectives

Question 12

point out to a specific noun the in the sentence. It is more specific than the article “the”

Answer 12

Demonstratives

Question 13

singular, usually refer to something which is near the speaker.

Answer 13

This

Question 14

plural, usually refer to something which is near the speaker.

Answer 14

These

Question 15

singular, usually refer to something which is far or farther away from the speaker.

Answer 15

That

Question 16

plural, usually refer to something which is far from the speaker.

Answer 16

Those

Question 17

this type of determiner indicates the quantity of the noun used in the sentence without giving a number.

Answer 17

Quantifiers

Question 18

are everywhere, in oral or written communication. Nouns is a word that names something such as a person, place, thing or idea.

Answer 18

Nouns

Question 19

nonspecific. They name a person, animal, thing or abstract ideas such as book, smell, dog, forest, leg, boredom, success, and failure. They are not capitalized unless a common noun starts at the beginning of a sentence.

Answer 19

Common Nouns (Based on Uniqueness)

Question 20

single entity. One subject. Preceded by articles.

Answer 20

Singular nouns (Based on Quantity)

Question 21

one or more subjects. Multiple entities. Indicated by the addition of the letter’s “s” or “es”.

Answer 21

Plural nouns (Based on Quantity)

Question 22

specific. They name specific person, animals, place or thing. They are usually written in a capital letter to show its importance, such as Pres. Marcos, the Statue of Liberty, New Year, Las Vegas, Samsung, City College. Always in a capital letter.

Answer 22

Proper nouns (Based on Quantity)

Question 23

they are something that has no physical existence. (delight, failure). Intangible entities (concepts, ideas, emotions). Cannot be identified through five senses.

Answer 23

Abstract nouns (Based on Physicality)

Question 24

they name something that you can identify with one or more of the five senses (books, legs). Tangible entities.

Answer 24

Concrete nouns (Based on Physicality)

Question 25

nouns referring to a group or number of individuals or things regarded as single entity. (audience, class, family, flock, jury, orchestra, parliament, staff, team, galaxy, herd, army, swarm, gang, pack)

Answer 25

Collective nouns (Based on Physicality)

Question 26

have plural forms. Can be qualified with a number. Can be counted (apple, bike, car, finger, key, bag, pillow, spoon, soap, cake, chocolate, hospital, pencil, ribbon, church, carrot, bottle)

Answer 26

Countable nouns (Based on Countability)

Question 27

have no plural forms. Cannot be qualified with a number. (milk, water, air, money, food, sugar, progress, trust, faith, education, smoke, weather, sunshine, tea)

Answer 27

Uncountable nouns (Based on Countability)

Question 28

nouns made up of more than one word. Could also be an adjective or a verb of two or more words or parts of words written at one or more words. (afterbirth, footprint, basketball, toothpaste, firefighter, sunflower, notebook, bedroom, snowflake, raincoat, classroom, football, outlook, nightmare, chopstick, dishwasher, heartbeat, footnote, checkup, afternoon, aircraft, caretaker, cannot, carwash, lifeboat).

Answer 28

Compound nouns (Based on Word Formation Processes)

Question 29

are words that formed when two fully independent, unique words are combined to create a new word (playground, footprint, keynote, fishbowl, bookmark, grasshopper)

Answer 29

Closed-form (Based on Word Formation Processes)

Question 30

spelled/written as two separate words but said together as one word with its own meaning (black eye, common sense, first aid, cotton candy, cell phone, full moon, dining room, ice cream, post office, high school). All function together as a single noun.

Answer 30

Open form (Based on Word Formation Processes)

Question 31

two or more words joined by a hyphen (well-being, mother-in-law, merry-go-round, check-in, check-out, know-how, far-fetched, editor-in-chief, clean-out, free-for-all, empty-handed, role-play, bad-mouth, two-time, x-ray, passer-by, six-pack, well-being, self-esteem)

Answer 31

Hyphenated form (Based on Word Formation Processes)

Question 32

male nouns. Denote a male person or animal that is said to be of the masculine gender (boy, king, bull, uncle, grandfather, bachelor, mayor, baron, ox, hero, brother, man, policeman, nephew, rooster, fox, daddy, bridegroom, chairman, emperor, master, son, actor, gentleman, prince).

Answer 32

Masculine nouns (Based on Gender)

Question 33

female. Denote a female person or animal (girl, woman, lady, aunt, actress, waitress, Duchess, princes, mother, Queen, wife, niece, hen, lioness, chairwoman, empress, sister, bride, nun, congresswoman, witch, daughter).

Answer 33

Feminine nouns (Based on Gender)

Question 34

gender cannot be classified (author, sibling, businessperson, parent, heir, host, spouse, poet, writer, police officer, child, server, chicken).

Answer 34

Neutral nouns (Based on Gender)

Question 35

mostly appear at the beginning of a sentence. Tells “who”, or “what” about the verb in the sentence. A person or thing that is being talked about or discussed or described or dealt with.

Answer 35

Subject (Functions of Noun)

Question 36

appear at the latter part of a sentence. Affects/receives the action of the verb.

Answer 36

Object (Functions of Noun)

Question 37

answers “whom” or “what’ about the verb in the sentence.

Answer 37

Direct object (Functions of Noun)

Question 38

tells “to whom” or “for whom” the action is done in the sentence. Receives the action of the verb indirectly.

Answer 38

Indirect object (Functions of Noun)

Question 39

the last word in a prepositional phrase. This is essential in forming complete sentences.

Answer 39

Object of a preposition (Functions of Noun)

Question 40

when a noun is used to modify or describe another noun. It acts as a complement. It means something that completes or makes perfect.

Answer 40

Complement (Functions of Noun)

Question 41

common professions or positions mentioned in the sentence

Answer 41

subject complement (Functions of Noun)

Question 42

noun that follow the noun they modify. They are nouns or adjectives that complete the meaning of the verb and rename/describe the direct object.

Answer 42

object complement (Functions of Noun)