RPH MIDTERMS

Question 1

is debated by historians because of conflicting
accounts from different leaders and the lack of written records.

Answer 1

The date of the Cry of Pugad Lawin

Question 2

is significant because it marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule

Answer 2

The Cry of Pugad Lawin

Question 3

The main action associated with the Cry of Rebellion, according to historian Teodoro Agoncillo, was the ___________, symbolizing the rejection of Spanish oppression

Answer 3

Tearing of Cedulas

Question 4

Teodoro Agoncillo defines the “___” as the decision to revolt, which was symbolized by the tearing of the cedulas after the Katipunan leaders agreed to rise against Spanish rule

Answer 4

Cry

Question 5

also takes the “Cry” to mean the pagpupunit, but says it happened before the decision to revolt had been taken.

Answer 5

Isagani R. Medina

Question 6

takes the “Cry” (the view)– the traditional view that KKK
veterans took, she says - that the “Cry” should mean the unang labanan.

Answer 6

Soledad Borromeo-Buehler

Question 7

in the Philippines commemorates the sacrifices and contributions of Filipino heroes, particularly the events surrounding the Cry of Pugad Lawin.

Answer 7

National Heroes Day

Question 8

in 1911 mentions the decision was made in Kangkong on August 23, 1896.

Answer 8

Pio Valenzuela’s account

Question 9

Pio Valenzuela’s account in 1917 mentions Says the decision to revolt was taken by the General Assembly on August 23 at the house of Melchora Aquino on Daan malalim, “in Pasong Tamo, also known as ____

Answer 9

Pacpac-lawin

Question 10

in his two separate accounts (1929 and 1957) places the Cry of Rebellion in Kangkong on August 26, 1896.

Answer 10

Guillermo Masangkay

Question 11

recalls witnessing the debate in Kangkong but not the final decision.

Answer 11

Briccio Pantas

Question 12

states the decision occurred in Kangkong on August 26, 1896.

Answer 12

Vicente Samson

Question 13

asserts the first cry occurred at Kankong on August 26, 1896

Answer 13

Julio Nakpil

Question 14

is the disagreement on the exact date and location
of the Cry. Different historical accounts, like those of Pio Valenzuela (August 23) and Guillermo Masangkay (August 26), place the Cry in different locations (e.g., Kangkong or Bahay Toro) on different dates. The lack of clear documentation fuels the confusion.

Answer 14

The controversy on Cry of Rebellion

Question 15

in his account mentions that the decision was taken at
Kangkong, then moved to Pugad Lawin where the cedulas were torn.

Answer 15

Cipriano Pacheco (1933)

Question 16

in his account that the decision taken at Kangkong on August 26.

Answer 16

Vicente Samson (1961)

Question 17

took place on March 22, 1897 in Tejeros, Cavite, and was
significant for its role in the leadership dispute among Filipino revolutionary leaders

Answer 17

The Tejeros Convention

Question 18

was elected president during the Tejeros Convention, effectively shifting leadership from Andres Bonifacio, who was then the head of the Katipunan.

Answer 18

Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 19

opposed Bonifacio’s election as Director of the Interior, citing Bonifacio’s lack of a formal legal background.

Answer 19

Daniel Tirona

Question 20

was based on his belief that Bonifacio, lacking legal training, was unfit for the position of Director of the Interior.

Answer 20

Daniel Tirona’s objection

Question 21

stated that the election results should be respected regardless of social status in order to ensure equality and democratic processes within the revolutionary government.

Answer 21

Bonifacio

Question 22

showed his strong leadership style and his
refusal to back down from decisions made by the assembly, despite disagreements.

Answer 22

Bonifacio’s response to Tirona’s objection

Question 23

were divided mainly over control of political and
military positions, with the Magdalo faction, led by Aguinaldo, eventually gaining
dominance.

Answer 23

The Magdiwang and Magdalo factions

Question 24

was held on March 22, 1897.

Answer 24

The Tejeros Convention

Question 25

was controversial for several reasons. Emilio Aguinaldo’s absence raised doubts about the legitimacy of the election, as he was a key leader in the Magdalo faction. The convention’s original agenda focused on military strategy, but the sudden shift to electing leaders caused confusion and was seen as a move to secure leadership positions for certain factions. Additionally, the absence of key Katipunan representatives led to concerns that the decisions made did not reflect the broader movement’s interests. Lastly, Andres Bonifacio, who was present, believed the election was manipulated to favor Aguinaldo, especially after Daniel Tirona objected to his appointment, prompting Bonifacio to reject the election as unfair.

Answer 25

The Tejeros Convention

Question 26

was elected as the Vice President during the Tejeros Convention held on March 22, 1897

Answer 26

Mariano Trias

Question 27

Bonifacio wrote the __________ to express his objections to the results of the Tejeros Convention election, stating his dissatisfaction with the process.

Answer 27

Acta de Tejeros

Question 28

was written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista on June 12, 1898, proclaiming the sovereignty of the Philippines from Spanish rule.

Answer 28

The Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence

Question 29

was to proclaim the Philippines' independence from Spanish colonial rule, asserting the country's right to self-governance.

Answer 29

The declaration's purpose

Question 30

enumerated the abuses of Spanish rule to justify the revolution and highlight the moral authority of the Filipino people in seeking freedom.

Answer 30

The declaration of independence

Question 31

in the Philippine flag symbolize the eight provinces that first revolted against Spanish rule during the revolution.

Answer 31

The eight rays of the sun

Question 32

The document "_______________________" was written in Spanish

Answer 32

Acta de la Proclamacion de Independencia del Pueblo Filipina

Question 33

was redesigned to include three stars representing Luzon, Mindanao, and Panay.

Answer 33

The Philippine flag

Question 34

was not recognized by the United States and Spain.

Answer 34

The Declaration of Philippine Independence

Question 35

has several controversies. First, the document overlooks significant issues like the land and agrarian crisis that deeply affected Filipino peasants, focusing instead on general revolutionary sentiments. Additionally, while the Katipunan is mentioned, there is no reference to its foundation or to Andres Bonifacio and his co-founders, which raises questions about the omission of key figures in the struggle for independence. These omissions have led to debates over the document's selective portrayal of history.

Answer 35

The Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

Question 36

The United States granted independence to the Philippines on ____________. This marked the end of nearly 50 years of American colonial rule.

Answer 36

July 4, 1946

Question 37

President Diosdado Macapagal signed into law Republic Act No. 4166 designating June 12 as the country’s Independence Day.

Answer 37

1964

Question 38

became president of the Philippines after the assassination of her husband, Ninoy Aquino, in 1983, and the subsequent widespread opposition to Ferdinand Marcos.

Answer 38

Corazon Aquino

Question 39

was triggered by the snap elections, which were widely believed to be fraudulent, and by the outpouring of public support for Corazon Aquino following Ninoy Aquino’s assassination.

Answer 39

The People Power Revolution in 1986

Question 40

was the first female President of the Philippines.

Answer 40

Corazon Aquino

Question 41

was the widow of Benigno Aquino Jr., a prominent political figure who strongly opposed Ferdinand Marcos. She had no prior political experience but came from a wealthy family, the Cojuangco family, who owned large sugar plantations. Corazon Aquino was not a politician like her late husband, but after his assassination, she became a symbol of resistance against the Marcos dictatorship.

Answer 41

Corazon Aquino

Question 42

a snap election was held between Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino. Although Aquino was believed to have won, the election was marred by allegations of fraud. This sparked protests, and the People Power Revolution took place, urging the ousting of Marcos. Aquino assumed the presidency after Marcos fled the country, and she became the symbol of the people's struggle for democracy.

Answer 42

In February 1986