Advanced Audio Processing

Question 1

Procedural Programming takes what approach?

Answer 1

Structural

Question 2

Arduino has this form of programming.

Answer 2

Procedural.

Question 3

Procedural Programming is a series…

Answer 3

of functions, one leading to the next.

Question 4

Is Procedural Programming flexible?

Answer 4

No.

Question 5

Is Procedural Programming more or less abstraction?

Answer 5

Less. We dont know how it works

Question 6

Which analogy can be referred to when considering Procedural Programming Abstraction?

Answer 6

TV Remote.

Question 7

What is the second form of programming?

Answer 7

Object Oriented Programming.

Question 8

In Object Oriented Programming, programs are…

Answer 8

divided into smaller sections called objects.

Question 9

Object Oriented Programming is…

Answer 9

reusable.

Question 10

Is Object Oriented Programming more or less abstraction?

Answer 10

More. We can understand what happens better.

Question 11

Is Object Oriented Programming more or less flexible?

Answer 11

More.

Question 12

What are a key part of Object Oriented Programming?

Answer 12

Classes.

Question 13

What are classes?

Answer 13

Blueprint for something.

Question 14

What software similarly uses classes?

Answer 14

Unreal.

Question 15

What do classes do?

Answer 15

Encapsulatescomplex data.

Question 16

Classes allow you to define…

Answer 16

custom data types.

Question 17

Classes can do what with other classes?

Answer 17

Inherit.

Question 18

What do classes contain? (4)

Answer 18

Data members of different types
Function members
Constructor
Destructor

Question 19

What are classes in relation to objects?

Answer 19

Blueprints.

Question 20

What is unique about a classes name?

Answer 20

Normally starts with capital letter.

Question 21

What files are classes made into?

Answer 21

.cpp and header

Question 22

What is an object?

Answer 22

Instance of class.

Question 23

What are the three access modifiers?

Answer 23

Public
Private
Protected

Question 24

What is the default access modifier?

Answer 24

Private.

Question 25

What does the protected access modifier do?

Answer 25

Only allows code with class to inherit from it.

Question 26

Objects have... (2)

Answer 26

States and behaviours.

Question 27

Where are object states stored?

Answer 27

in member variables.

Question 28

How does object expose behaviour?

Answer 28

Through member function.

Question 29

What do member functions work on?

Answer 29

objects internal state.

Question 30

What is encapulation?

Answer 30

hiding the internal state of object.

Question 31

What are the key features of classes? (4)

Answer 31

Ease of debugging Maintenance Encapsulation Reusability

Question 32

What two things can be inherited?

Answer 32

States and Behaviours

Question 33

What is the largest umbrella class called?

Answer 33

Parent class.

Question 34

Typical buffer range?

Answer 34

32 - 1024 samples

Question 35

Smaller buffer = ___ latency

Answer 35

Lower latency

Question 36

smaller buffer, ____ computational cost

Answer 36

Higher CPU cost.

Question 37

What is the buffer tradeoff?

Answer 37

Dropout.

Question 38

What is dropout?

Answer 38

Buffers empties faster than it refills

Question 39

Buffer uses...

Answer 39

FIFO.

Question 40

What are the two terms used for buffer input and output?

Answer 40

push and pop.

Question 41

What is audio callback?

Answer 41

Periodic function that processes audio.

Question 42

What is AudioBuffer?

Answer 42

A class.

Question 43

AudioBuffer contains...

Answer 43

a reference variable.

Question 44

AudioBuffer uses...

Answer 44

call by reference.

Question 45

AudioBuffer must be larger than...

Answer 45

the max amount of either input or output channels.

Question 46

What are the two types of reference parameters?

Answer 46

Call by Value Call by Reference

Question 47

What does Call by Value do?

Answer 47

Copy OG data sent to function Doesnt affect OG data

Question 48

What does Call by Reference do?

Answer 48

Has direct access to OG data Will overwrite OG data

Question 49

What classes uses Call by Reference?

Answer 49

AudioBuffer.

Question 50

What is the difference between pure virtual and virtual?

Answer 50

Pure Virtual need defined.

Question 51

Subjects are...

Answer 51

Broadcasters.

Question 52

Observers are...

Answer 52

Listeners.

Question 53

Subjects send...

Answer 53

Updates to Observers when event occurs

Question 54

Functions should be...

Answer 54

small and do one thing.

Question 55

two examples of static delays

Answer 55

comb filter slapback

Question 56

two examples of variable delays

Answer 56

flanger vibrato

Question 57

max delay calc

Answer 57

buffer / SR * 1000

Question 58

min delay calc

Answer 58

1 / SR * 1000000

Question 59

what is max delay measured in?

Answer 59

milliseconds

Question 60

what is min delay measured in?

Answer 60

microseconds

Question 61

what type of data type causes artefacts in delay line?

Answer 61

int / whole numbers

Question 62

what is fractional delay?

Answer 62

allows precise float point number divisions on buffer samples

Question 63

what is interpolation?

Answer 63

technique to approximate values that lie between samples in buffer.

Question 64

How does linear interpolation work?

Answer 64

it draws a line between two points and takes approximation of half way point.

Question 65

Two pros of linear interpolation

Answer 65

improves sound of modulating delay line computationally efficient

Question 66

Linear interpolation has audible effect on... (3)

Answer 66

Low pass filters  phase distortion  aliasing 

Question 67

buffer modulation range must...

Answer 67

fall between min and max delay line values.

Question 68

sampling operation contains... (2)

Answer 68

write operation read operation

Question 69

should read or write occur first during sampling operation?

Answer 69

read.

Question 70

linear system changes

Answer 70

amplitude and phase

Question 71

in linear systems, the waveform is...

Answer 71

not modified

Question 72

examples of linear systems (3)

Answer 72

gain panner  delay

Question 73

what is a non linear system?

Answer 73

changes waveform, adding additional frequency content

Question 74

examples of non linear systems (3)

Answer 74

compression  distortion  ring mod

Question 75

distortion is...

Answer 75

non linear

Question 76

as non linearity increases...

Answer 76

harmonic content increases

Question 77

what is half wave rectification?

Answer 77

all negative amplitude samples are changed to zero

Question 78

what is full wave rectification?

Answer 78

negative amplitude values are changed to identical positive values

Question 79

what harmonics is THD bases on?

Answer 79

2 to 6

Question 80

low THD means...

Answer 80

low distortion

Question 81

odd symmetrical =

Answer 81

only odd harmonics 

Question 82

even symmetrical =

Answer 82

only even harmonics

Question 83

asymmetrical =

Answer 83

both harmonics

Question 84

distortion effect pros (2)

Answer 84

cheap to run  memoryless

Question 85

IIR (5)

Answer 85

feedback network low latency low cost can be analogue no linear phase filtering

Question 86

FIR (5)

Answer 86

no feedback network high latency  high cost  only digital  linear phase filtering

Question 87

crossover filter criteria (3)

Answer 87

flat pass band with no distortion max attenuation in stop band output of filters should sum to flat response

Question 88

Butterworth meets...

Answer 88

all three criteria

Question 89

higher order filters have

Answer 89

steeper slopes

Question 90

how steep should filters be?

Answer 90

as steep as possible

Question 91

what is the butterworth issue? (2)

Answer 91

when crossed over, filters are completely out of phase EQ boost at crossover

Question 92

What is the butterworth solution?

Answer 92

Linkwitz-Riley Filter 

Question 93

How do you make a Linkwitz-Riley filter?

Answer 93

Two butterworth filters in series

Question 94

What response does Linkwitz Riley have?

Answer 94

flat EQ

Question 95

What does a detection path do?

Answer 95

Detects how much gain a signal should be reduced by

Question 96

What scale does the detection path work in?

Answer 96

dB

Question 97

What process happens at the start of the detection path?

Answer 97

Linear to dB conversion

Question 98

What are threshold, ratio and knee known as?

Answer 98

Static characteristics

Question 99

Gain change doesn’t happen

Answer 99

Instantaneously

Question 100

Gain change consists of what two parameters?

Answer 100

Attack and release

Question 101

What process happens at the end of the detection path?

Answer 101

dB to linear conversion

Question 102

What is the full signal chain of the detection path?

Answer 102

Linear to dB, Static Characteristics, Gain Change, Gain Smoothing, dB to Linear