Advanced Cardiac Anatomy and Echo Windows

Question 1

interventricular sulcus

Answer 1

between the two ventricles

Question 2

atrioventricular sulcus

Answer 2

between the atria and ventricles

Question 3

IV sulcus follows the path of the ___________ and if horiz/vert (on US)

Answer 3

interventricular septum
verticle

Question 4

AV sulcus follows the path between both __________ and if horiz/vert (on US)

Answer 4

ventricles and atria
horizontal

Question 5

where the IV and AV sulcus meet is called the

Answer 5

crux (cross)

Question 6

crux

Answer 6

where the IV and AV sulcus meet

Question 7

heart sulci contain

Answer 7

vessels and epicardial fat

Question 8

IV sulcus anteriorly and posteriorly contains

Answer 8

ant: LAD/Great Cardiac Vein
post: PDA/Middle Cardiac Vein

Question 9

AV sulcus anteriorly and posteriorly contains

Answer 9

ant: CX/RCA
post: coronary sinus/PDA

Question 10

coronary sinus is the

Answer 10

final stop collecting all blood from venous heart (drains into RA)

Question 11

PDA branches off of

Answer 11

RCA

Question 12

left main coronary artery branches

Answer 12

LAD
CX

Question 13

RCa travels ___ along the ___ sulcus towards the ____ heart

Answer 13

rightward
AV
posterior

Question 14

______% of the PDA comes from the RCA and travels in the ______ sulcus

Answer 14

70-80
posterior IV

Question 15

LMCA length

Answer 15

few mm to 1.5cm

Question 16

Right heart O2 saturation percentage

Answer 16

75

Question 17

left heart O2 saturation percentage

Answer 17

98

Question 18

coronary sinus O2 saturation percentage

Answer 18

50

Question 19

all cardiac veins drain into the _____

Answer 19

coronary sinus

Question 20

cardiac vein names (3)

Answer 20

great, middle, small

Question 21

right atrial appendage shape

Answer 21

snoopy ear

Question 22

which heart chamber is shaped like a crescent

Answer 22

right ventricle

Question 23

right ventricle wall thickness

Answer 23

less than or equal to 5mm

Question 24

RV inflow is at a ___ degree angle compared to RV outlfow

Answer 24

45

Question 25

why is LV round in short axis

Answer 25

higher pressure (IVS bulges to right)

Question 26

what is only found in the RV

Answer 26

moderator band

Question 27

where is moderator band found

Answer 27

RV

Question 28

infundibulum

Answer 28

smooth muscle ridge between RVOT and LVOT (by aortic valve)

Question 29

main pulmonary artery bifurcation lies above the roof of the __

Answer 29

LA

Question 30

left pulmonary artery (LPA) arches ___ (___/___) towards the _____

Answer 30

backward laterally/posteriorly left lung

Question 31

right pulmonary artery (RPA) travels behind the _____ and ___ to the _____

Answer 31

ascending aorta SVC right lung

Question 32

LA appendage shaped like

Answer 32

piglet ear

Question 33

LV walls measure

Answer 33

6-10mm thick

Question 34

EDV of LV

Answer 34

100ml

Question 35

ESV of LV

Answer 35

30ml

Question 36

shape of LV in short axis

Answer 36

round (IVS bulges to right)

Question 37

is LV muscle trabeculated or not

Answer 37

it is

Question 38

aortic valve leaflets (name, faces, origin of)

Answer 38

right coronary cusp (RCC): faces RV; origin of RCA left coronary cusp (LCC): faces PA; origin of LMCA non coronary cusp: faces inter-atrial septum; not associated with coronary artery

Question 39

coaptation zone

Answer 39

where AV cusps overlap slightly

Question 40

aortic sinus

Answer 40

the bulge of the aorta after cusps

Question 41

shape of AV annulus

Answer 41

crown shaped

Question 42

MV leaflets

Answer 42

AMVL PMVL

Question 43

commissures

Answer 43

the two indentations where the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve meet at the annulus (corner of smile)

Question 44

what are the papillary muscles

Answer 44

posteromedial anterolateral

Question 45

both pap muscles have chordae tendinae going to ____

Answer 45

each leaflet

Question 46

AML scallops of mitral valve numbered:

Answer 46

lat to med A1/A2/A3

Question 47

AML scallops of mitral valve numbered:

Answer 47

lat to med P1/P2/P3

Question 48

tricuspid valve leaflets name

Answer 48

anterior, posterior, septal

Question 49

TV septal leaflet faces the ____

Answer 49

IV septum

Question 50

moderator band connects ____

Answer 50

2 of the pap muscles

Question 51

all 3 TV leaflets can be seen using the _____ or ___ but not the _____

Answer 51

TEE 3D 2D transthoracic echo

Question 52

PV abnormalities tend to be

Answer 52

congenital

Question 53

PV cusps

Answer 53

anterior left (post) right (post)

Question 54

PV are structurally similar to the ___

Answer 54

AV

Question 55

4 basic echo windows

Answer 55

parasternal apical subcostal suprasternal notch

Question 56

parasternal window sits in the ____ intercostal space and the ______ border

Answer 56

3/4 left parasternal

Question 57

PLAX points

Answer 57

to the patients right shoulder (10-11:00)

Question 58

PSAX points

Answer 58

patients left shoulder (90 degrees from long axis)

Question 59

PLAX slices through, shows, valves

Answer 59

slices through length of the heart shows left inflow and outflow MV and AV

Question 60

PLAX to RV inflow

Answer 60

angle beam inferiorly (towards patients right hip)

Question 61

PLAX to RV outflow

Answer 61

angle beam superiorly (towards patients left shoulder)

Question 62

PSAX slices, indicator towards, shows, valves

Answer 62

slices 90 degrees to the length of the heart (width) indicator towards left shoulder shows right inflow and outflow TV, AV, and usually PV

Question 63

PSAX other levels (4)

Answer 63

MV level LV base level LV mid level LV apex level

Question 64

apical 4/5 chamber indicator points to (thing/clock)

Answer 64

bed 2-3:00

Question 65

A2C indicator points to (thing/clock)

Answer 65

patients LT axilla 1:00

Question 66

A3C/long axis indicator points to (thing/clock)

Answer 66

patients RT shoulder 11:00

Question 67

subcostal window index marker at (clock)

Answer 67

3-4:00

Question 68

SSN index marker at (clock)

Answer 68

1:00