Advanced Genetics

Question 1

the study of hereditary

Answer 1

genetics

Question 2

a segment of DNA capable of producing a specific amino acid chain (polypeptide) resulting in a particular characteristic

Answer 2

gene

Question 3

a strand of DNA entwined with proteins; usually found within the cell nucleus; come in pairs

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

a protein that supports, protects, and helps maintain the tightly coiled structure of the DNA in a chromosome

Answer 4

histone

Question 5

one of the two DNA duplicates that composed one chromosome (when the chromosome is not separated)

Answer 5

chromatid

Question 6

the attachment point of two sister chromatids; also serves as the point of attachment of spindle fibers during mitosis

Answer 6

centromere

Question 7

an illustration in which the chromosomes of a cell are arranged according to their size

Answer 7

karyotype

Question 8

two chromosomes that have the same kinds of genes (alleles) in the same order

Answer 8

homologous chromosomes

Question 9

one member of a homologous pair of chromosomes

Answer 9

homologue

Question 10

having homologous pair of chromosomes; describes a cell that has homologs
2n=

Answer 10

diploid

Question 11

having only one pair of each homologous pair of chromosomes; characteristics of gametes
n=

Answer 11

haploid

Question 12

the diploid number of chromosomes in a human cell

Answer 12

23 pairs or 46

Question 13

the repeating cycle of events in the life of a cell; composed of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Answer 13

cell cycle

Question 14

the period of time between cellular division

Answer 14

interphase

Question 15

the duplicating and separating of a cells chromosomes

Answer 15

mitosis

Question 16

the first phase of mitosis; centromeres migrate to poles in the cytoplasm and chromosomes develop from the chromatin material in the nucleus

Answer 16

prophase

Question 17

special microtubules that will direct the movements of the chromosomes during mitosis

Answer 17

mitotic spindle

Question 18

the second phase of mitosis; chromosomes congregate along the equatorial plane of cells

Answer 18

metaphase

Question 19

the final phase of mitosis; chromosomes have reached opposite poles of the cell and two distinct nuclei form

Answer 19

telophase

Question 20

the third phase of mitosis; paired chromatids separate and begin to migrate toward opposite poles of the cell

Answer 20

anaphase

Question 21

the division of the cytoplasm in a dividing cell

Answer 21

cytokinesis

Question 22

the precursor to the cell wall during cytokinesis in the cells

Answer 22

cell plate

Question 23

the production of a new organism without the fusion of a sperm and an ovum; involves only mitotic cell division

Answer 23

asexual reproduction

Question 24

the first phase of the interphase
(cell growth)

Answer 24

G1 phase

Question 25

the second phase of the interphase (DNA replication)

Answer 25

S phase

Question 26

the third phase of the interphase (preparation for mitosis)

Answer 26

G2 phase

Answer 27

centrosome

Answer 28

centriole

Answer 29

contractile ring

Question 30

a diploid cell that results from the union of two haploid cells n + n = 2n

Answer 30

zygote

Question 31

the reduction of a cell's chromosome number from diploid to haploid by two consecutive cell divisions

Answer 31

meiosis

Answer 32

tetrad

Question 33

haploid cells that are formed during meiosis,

Answer 33

gamete

Answer 34

fertilization

Answer 35

sperm

Answer 36

ovum

Answer 37

spermatogenesis

Answer 38

oogenesis

Answer 39

sexual reproduction

Answer 40

self-pollination

Answer 41

cross-pollination

Answer 42

dominant trait

Answer 43

recessive trait

Answer 44

phenotype

Answer 45

genotype

Answer 46

locus

Answer 47

allele

Answer 48

homozygous

Answer 49

heterozygous

Answer 50

monohybrid cross

Answer 51

Punnett square

Answer 52

test cross

Answer 53

pedigree

Answer 54

isogametes

Answer 55

heterogametes