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Advanced mechanics Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

what is a projectile

A

A projectile is any object that is thrown or projected into the air and is moving freely.

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2
Q

What path does a projectile travel in

A

All Projectiles follow a parabolic path

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3
Q

What are the four equations of motion

A

v = u + at

S = 1/2(u + v)t

S = ut + 1/2 at^2

v^2 = u^2 + 2as

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4
Q

What is the force that acts on a projectile during its flight

A

The weight force (F = mg)

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5
Q

Does the horizontal velocity of a projectile remain a constant throughout its flight if air resistance is ignored

A

Yes

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6
Q

What is the velocity of a projectile at it’s highest point

A

The velocity is the horizontal velocity. The vertical velocity at that point is zero

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7
Q

What is the direction of the Centripetal acceleration in Circular motion

A

Centripetal acceleration is always directed towards the centre of the circular path

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8
Q

What is centripetal force

A

Centripetal force is the net unbalanced force that gives an object its acceleration towards the centre of the circle

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9
Q

What happens if there is no longer a centripetal force acting on an object

A

the object then moves in a straight line tangential to its circular path.

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10
Q

what is the relationship between T (Period) and f (frequency)

A

f = 1/t or T= 1/f

Inverse relationship

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11
Q

What is the formula of an object moving with a uniform speed in a circular path given

A

v = (2(pi) x r) / T

v is the average speed

r is the radius

T is the period

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12
Q

What is the formula of Centripetal Force

A

F = mv^2/r

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13
Q

does an object travel faster on a Banked track or a flat track

A

Banked tracks

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13
Q

What are some real forces that create Centripetal force

A

Friction

Gravitation

Tension

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14
Q

what is the formula for finding the angle of the bank

A

tan(angle) = Fnet/Fg

where Fnet is the force acting towards the centre of the circle and Fg is the force due to gravity

or

Tan(angle) = v^2/rg

where the equation is expanding by substituting the Fnet as mv^2/r and Fg = mg

v is the speed

r is the radius

g is the magnitue of acceleratino due to gravity (9.80 ms^-2)

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15
Q

What is torque

A

torque is a vector force that acts to provide a turning effect

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16
Q

what is a pivot point

Study These Flashcards
A

a pivot point is the point on a two-dimensional representation of the obejct in which the axis of the rotation passes. A force applied directly towards or directly away from the pivot point will not create a turning effect.

17
Q

what is the force arm

Study These Flashcards
A

a force arm is the perpendicular distance between the pivot point and the line of action of the force

18
Q

what is the formula for torque

Study These Flashcards
A

t = r (perpendicular) F

t is the torque (N m)

r (perpendicular) is the force arm perpendicular to the force (m)

F is the force (N)

or

t = r x F sin(angle)

19
Q

what is Newton’s Law of universal graviation

Study These Flashcards
A

Netwon’s law of universal graviation states that any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proprotional to the product of their masses and inversly proportional to the square distance between them

19
Q

when does the maximum torque occur

Study These Flashcards
A

the maximum torque occurs when the acting force applied is perpendicular to the force arm

20
Q

What is the formula for Newton’s law of universal gravitation

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A

F = GMm/r^2

G is the gravitational constant (6.67 x 10 ^-11 Nm^2 kg^-2)

M is the mass of object 1 (kg)

m is the mass of object 2 (kg)

F is the gravitaional Force (N)

r is the distance between cetnres of objects 1 and 2 (m)

21
Q

is the gravitational force alway an attractive force?

22
Q

what is the Newton’s law of gravitation also known as

Study These Flashcards
A

Inverse square law

23
What is a gravitational field
a gravitational field is a region in which a gravitational force is exerted on all matter within that region
24
how to represent gravitational fields
the direction of the arrowhead indicates the direction of the gravitational force the space between the arrows indicate the relative magnitude of the field closely spaced arrows indicate a strong field widely spaced arrows indicated a weaker field parallel field lines indicate constant or uniform field strength
25
what is the formula for a gravitational field
g = GM/r^2 g is the gravitational field strength (N kg^-1) M is the mass of an object in the field (kg) G is the gravitational constant r is the distance from the centre of M (m)
26
How do you calculate the gravitational field strength the at different altitudes
to calculate the gravitation field strenght at different altitudes is by adding the altitude to the radius of the Object formula becomes g = GM/(r + altitude)^2
27
what is a satellite
a satellite is an object in a stable orbit around another object
28
what was Netwon's thought experiment
Netwon's thought experiment where he compared the motion of the moon with the motion of a cannonball fired horizontally from the top of a high mountain. In this experiment if the cannonball was fired at a low speed, it would not travel a great distance before gravity pulled it to the ground, however if it was fired with a greated veloicty it would follow a less curved path and land a greater distance from the mountain. Newton reasonsed that if the cannon ball was fired fast enough it could travel around the earth and reach the place from where it had been launched and at this speed it would continue to circle around the earth indefinitely
29
What are the classifications of Satellites orbit around the Earth
Low orbit: 180 km to 2000 km alltitude Medium orbit: 2000km to 36 000km High orbit: 36 000 km
30
what are Kepler's Laws
1 The planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus 2 the line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time 3 For every planet, the ratio of the cube of the average orbital radius, r, to the square of the period, T, of revolution is the same (r^3/T^2) a constant k
31
is the centripetal acceleration of a satellite equal to the gravitational field strength
yes
32
what is the formula for gravitational potential energy
U = - GMm/r U is the gravitational poetential energy of an object ( J ) m is the mass of the object (kg) M is the mass of the Earth (or, more generally, the central body; kg) G is the gravitational constant r is the radius of the orbit of the object (the sum of the radius of the central body and the altitude of the orbit; in m)
33
How do you calculate the total energy in a non-constant gravitational field
E = K + U = - GMm/2r E is the total energy of an object (J) K is the kinetic energy of an object (J) U is the potential energy of the object (J) m is the mass of the object (kg) M is the mass of the Earth (or more generally the central body; kg) G is the gravitational constant r is the radius of the object (the sum of the radius of the central body and the altitude of the orbit; in m)
34
what is an aphelion
the point on its orbit when it is furtherst from the object
35
what is the perihelion
the point on its orbit when its closest to the sun
36
what is an escape velocity
the velocity (or kinetic energy) of an object needed to escape the orbit
37
how to calculate the escape velocity
K = -U (1/2 x m x v^2) = GMm/r derives to v = square root of (2GM/r) M is the mass of the Earth (or, more generally, the central body; in kg) G is the gravitational constant r is the radius of the orbit of the object (the sum of the radius of the central body and the altitude of the orbit; in m)
38
how to convert angular velocity to regular velocity
V = r w w = angular velocity (rads^-1) v = regular velocity (ms^-1) r = radius (m)
39
what is the magnitude of the work function done on a satellite orbiting at a fixed altitude
Zero because gravity works at 90 degrees to the direction of the motion of the satelite W = f x s x cos (angle) cos(90) = 0 so W = 0

Physics (4 decks)

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