Advanced2

Question 1

What is Facebook Messenger?

Answer 1

Facebook Messenger is a real-time messaging platform developed by Meta, enabling users to send text, voice, and video messages, as well as share media and conduct group chats.

Question 2

What are the advantages of Facebook Messenger?

Answer 2

Real-time communication, multimedia support, integration with Facebook’s ecosystem, and cross-platform availability.

Question 3

What are the disadvantages of Facebook Messenger?

Answer 3

Potential privacy concerns, dependency on internet connectivity, and high resource consumption on devices.

Question 4

What are best practices when designing a chat system like Facebook Messenger?

Answer 4

Implement end-to-end encryption, use efficient messaging protocols like MQTT, ensure message synchronization across devices, and design for scalability.

Question 5

What are common use cases for chat systems?

Answer 5

Personal communication, customer support, team collaboration, and social networking.

Question 6

How does a chat system impact system design?

Answer 6

Requires low-latency message delivery, real-time synchronization, and robust handling of concurrent connections.

Question 7

Give an example of a chat system.

Answer 7

Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Slack, and Telegram.

Question 8

What are the architectural components of a chat system?

Answer 8

Client applications, messaging servers, presence servers, notification services, and storage databases.

Question 9

How can performance be ensured in a chat system?

Answer 9

Optimize message routing, use load balancers, implement caching mechanisms, and monitor system metrics.

Question 10

How can fault tolerance be added to a chat system?

Answer 10

Deploy redundant servers, implement message queues for retries, and use distributed databases.

Question 11

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a chat system?

Answer 11

Track message delivery statuses, monitor server health, and analyze logs for anomalies.

Question 12

What is a real-world tradeoff in chat systems?

Answer 12

Balancing message delivery speed with data consistency and system scalability.

Question 13

What is a common interview question on chat systems?

Answer 13

Design a scalable chat application supporting real-time messaging and media sharing.

Question 14

What is a potential gotcha in chat systems?

Answer 14

Handling message ordering and delivery guarantees in the presence of network partitions.

Question 15

What is a Distributed File System (DFS)?

Answer 15

A DFS is a file system that allows access to files from multiple hosts sharing via a computer network, appearing as if they are on the local machine.

Question 16

What are the advantages of a DFS like HDFS?

Answer 16

High fault tolerance, scalability, and ability to handle large datasets across multiple machines.

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of a DFS like HDFS?

Answer 17

Complexity in management, potential latency in data retrieval, and challenges in ensuring data consistency.

Question 18

What are best practices when designing a DFS?

Answer 18

Implement data replication, use consistent hashing for data distribution, and monitor node health regularly.

Question 19

What are common use cases for DFS?

Answer 19

Big data processing, cloud storage solutions, and content delivery networks.

Question 20

How does a DFS impact system design?

Answer 20

Requires considerations for data distribution, replication strategies, and fault tolerance mechanisms.

Question 21

Give an example of a DFS.

Answer 21

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Google File System (GFS), and Amazon S3.

Question 22

What are the architectural components of a DFS?

Answer 22

NameNode (metadata server), DataNodes (storage nodes), and client interfaces.

Question 23

How can performance be ensured in a DFS?

Answer 23

Optimize data placement strategies, implement caching, and balance load across nodes.

Question 24

How can fault tolerance be added to a DFS?

Answer 24

Use data replication, implement heartbeat mechanisms, and design for automatic failover.

Question 25

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a DFS?

Answer 25

Monitor node statuses, track data replication factors, and analyze system logs.

Question 26

What is a real-world tradeoff in DFS?

Answer 26

Balancing data redundancy with storage efficiency and system performance.

Question 27

What is a common interview question on DFS?

Answer 27

Design a distributed file storage system that can handle petabytes of data with high availability.

Question 28

What is a potential gotcha in DFS?

Answer 28

Ensuring data consistency during node failures and network partitions.

Question 29

What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?

Answer 29

A CDN is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and data centers that deliver content to users based on their location.

Question 30

What are the advantages of a CDN?

Answer 30

Reduced latency, improved load times, scalability, and protection against traffic spikes.

Question 31

What are the disadvantages of a CDN?

Answer 31

Cost of implementation, complexity in configuration, and potential caching issues.

Question 32

What are best practices when designing a CDN?

Answer 32

Place edge servers strategically, implement efficient caching policies, and monitor network performance.

Question 33

What are common use cases for CDNs?

Answer 33

Website content delivery, video streaming, software distribution, and DDoS mitigation.

Question 34

How does a CDN impact system design?

Answer 34

Requires integration with origin servers, cache management strategies, and network routing considerations.

Question 35

Give an example of a CDN.

Answer 35

Cloudflare, Akamai, Amazon CloudFront, and Fastly.

Question 36

What are the architectural components of a CDN?

Answer 36

Edge servers, origin servers, DNS routing, and load balancers.

Question 37

How can performance be ensured in a CDN?

Answer 37

Optimize content caching, use compression techniques, and monitor server health.

Question 38

How can fault tolerance be added to a CDN?

Answer 38

Deploy redundant edge servers, implement failover strategies, and monitor network traffic.

Question 39

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a CDN?

Answer 39

Track cache hit/miss ratios, monitor latency metrics, and analyze traffic patterns.

Question 40

What is a real-world tradeoff in CDNs?

Answer 40

Balancing content freshness with caching efficiency and network bandwidth.

Question 41

What is a common interview question on CDNs?

Answer 41

Design a global content delivery network to serve static and dynamic content efficiently.

Question 42

What is a potential gotcha in CDNs?

Answer 42

Handling cache invalidation and ensuring content consistency across edge servers.

Question 43

What is an Online Multiplayer Game Backend?

Answer 43

It's the server-side infrastructure that manages game state, player interactions, matchmaking, and real-time communication for multiplayer games.

Question 44

What are the advantages of a multiplayer game backend?

Answer 44

Real-time player interactions, scalability to support many users, and centralized game state management.

Question 45

What are the disadvantages of a multiplayer game backend?

Answer 45

High complexity, latency sensitivity, and challenges in synchronizing game state across clients.

Question 46

What are best practices when designing a multiplayer game backend?

Answer 46

Implement authoritative servers, use efficient networking protocols, and design for scalability and low latency.

Question 47

What are common use cases for multiplayer game backends?

Answer 47

Massively multiplayer online games (MMOs), real-time strategy games, and cooperative multiplayer experiences.

Question 48

How does a multiplayer game backend impact system design?

Answer 48

Requires real-time data processing, state synchronization, and handling of concurrent player actions.

Question 49

Give an example of a multiplayer game backend.

Answer 49

Backends for games like Fortnite, PUBG, and World of Warcraft.

Question 50

What are the architectural components of a multiplayer game backend?

Answer 50

Game servers, matchmaking services, state management systems, and communication protocols.

Question 51

How can performance be ensured in a multiplayer game backend?

Answer 51

Optimize network code, implement lag compensation techniques, and scale servers based on player load.

Question 52

How can fault tolerance be added to a multiplayer game backend?

Answer 52

Use redundant servers, implement state checkpoints, and design for graceful degradation.

Question 53

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a multiplayer game backend?

Answer 53

Monitor server performance, track player metrics, and analyze logs for anomalies.

Question 54

What is a real-world tradeoff in multiplayer game backends?

Answer 54

Balancing game responsiveness with server resource utilization and consistency.

Question 55

What is a common interview question on multiplayer game backends?

Answer 55

Design a backend system for a real-time multiplayer game supporting thousands of concurrent players.

Question 56

What is a potential gotcha in multiplayer game backends?

Answer 56

Handling network latency and ensuring fair gameplay across players with varying connection qualities.