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Question 1

What is a Metrics Monitoring System?

Answer 1

A system that collects, stores, and analyzes metrics from various sources to monitor the health and performance of applications and infrastructure.

Question 2

What are the advantages of a Metrics Monitoring System?

Answer 2

Provides real-time insights, helps in proactive issue detection, and aids in capacity planning.

Question 3

What are the disadvantages of a Metrics Monitoring System?

Answer 3

Can generate large volumes of data, potential performance overhead, and complexity in managing alert thresholds.

Question 4

What are best practices when designing a Metrics Monitoring System?

Answer 4

Use efficient data storage, implement aggregation, set appropriate alert thresholds, and ensure scalability.

Question 5

What are common use cases for Metrics Monitoring Systems?

Answer 5

Monitoring server health, application performance, and infrastructure utilization.

Question 6

How does a Metrics Monitoring System impact system design?

Answer 6

Requires integration with various components, efficient data handling, and real-time processing capabilities.

Question 7

Give an example of a Metrics Monitoring System.

Answer 7

Prometheus, Datadog, and New Relic.

Question 8

What are the architectural components of a Metrics Monitoring System?

Answer 8

Data collectors, time-series database, alert manager, and visualization tools.

Question 9

How can performance be ensured in a Metrics Monitoring System?

Answer 9

Optimize data collection intervals, use efficient storage, and implement data aggregation.

Question 10

How can fault tolerance be added to a Metrics Monitoring System?

Answer 10

Deploy redundant components, implement data replication, and ensure failover mechanisms.

Question 11

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a Metrics Monitoring System?

Answer 11

Use dashboards, set up alerts, and analyze historical data trends.

Question 12

What is a real-world tradeoff in Metrics Monitoring Systems?

Answer 12

Balancing data granularity with storage and processing overhead.

Question 13

What is a common interview question on Metrics Monitoring Systems?

Answer 13

Design a scalable metrics monitoring and alerting system for a large-scale application.

Question 14

What is a potential gotcha in Metrics Monitoring Systems?

Answer 14

Improper alert configurations leading to alert fatigue or missed critical issues.

Question 15

What is a Log Aggregation System?

Answer 15

A system that collects, processes, and stores log data from various sources for centralized analysis and monitoring.

Question 16

What are the advantages of a Log Aggregation System?

Answer 16

Centralized log management, easier troubleshooting, and improved security monitoring.

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of a Log Aggregation System?

Answer 17

High storage requirements, potential performance impact, and complexity in parsing diverse log formats.

Question 18

What are best practices when designing a Log Aggregation System?

Answer 18

Implement structured logging, use efficient storage solutions, and ensure secure data transmission.

Question 19

What are common use cases for Log Aggregation Systems?

Answer 19

Application debugging, security auditing, and compliance reporting.

Question 20

How does a Log Aggregation System impact system design?

Answer 20

Requires integration with various log sources, efficient data processing, and scalable storage solutions.

Question 21

Give an example of a Log Aggregation System.

Answer 21

ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana), Splunk, and Graylog.

Question 22

What are the architectural components of a Log Aggregation System?

Answer 22

Log shippers, processing pipeline, storage backend, and visualization interface.

Question 23

How can performance be ensured in a Log Aggregation System?

Answer 23

Use buffering, implement data compression, and optimize indexing strategies.

Question 24

How can fault tolerance be added to a Log Aggregation System?

Answer 24

Deploy redundant components, implement data replication, and ensure failover mechanisms.

Question 25

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a Log Aggregation System?

Answer 25

Set up alerts for anomalies, monitor system health, and analyze log patterns.

Question 26

What is a real-world tradeoff in Log Aggregation Systems?

Answer 26

Balancing log retention duration with storage costs and compliance requirements.

Question 27

What is a common interview question on Log Aggregation Systems?

Answer 27

Design a centralized log aggregation system for a microservices architecture.

Question 28

What is a potential gotcha in Log Aggregation Systems?

Answer 28

Handling unstructured or inconsistent log formats leading to parsing errors.

Question 29

What is a Real-Time Bidding System?

Answer 29

An automated auction system where ad impressions are bought and sold in real-time as users load web pages.

Question 30

What are the advantages of a Real-Time Bidding System?

Answer 30

Efficient ad targeting, maximized revenue for publishers, and cost-effective advertising for buyers.

Question 31

What are the disadvantages of a Real-Time Bidding System?

Answer 31

Complex infrastructure requirements, potential latency issues, and privacy concerns.

Question 32

What are best practices when designing a Real-Time Bidding System?

Answer 32

Ensure low-latency processing, implement robust fraud detection, and maintain high availability.

Question 33

What are common use cases for Real-Time Bidding Systems?

Answer 33

Online advertising platforms, ad exchanges, and demand-side platforms.

Question 34

How does a Real-Time Bidding System impact system design?

Answer 34

Requires ultra-low latency processing, scalable infrastructure, and real-time data analytics.

Question 35

Give an example of a Real-Time Bidding System.

Answer 35

Google Ad Exchange, OpenX, and AppNexus.

Question 36

What are the architectural components of a Real-Time Bidding System?

Answer 36

Bid request handler, auction engine, bidder interface, and analytics module.

Question 37

How can performance be ensured in a Real-Time Bidding System?

Answer 37

Optimize network latency, use in-memory data stores, and implement efficient algorithms.

Question 38

How can fault tolerance be added to a Real-Time Bidding System?

Answer 38

Deploy redundant systems, implement failover strategies, and monitor system health.

Question 39

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a Real-Time Bidding System?

Answer 39

Track bid response times, monitor system metrics, and analyze auction outcomes.

Question 40

What is a real-world tradeoff in Real-Time Bidding Systems?

Answer 40

Balancing bid processing speed with the complexity of targeting algorithms.

Question 41

What is a common interview question on Real-Time Bidding Systems?

Answer 41

Design a real-time bidding system for online advertising with low latency requirements.

Question 42

What is a potential gotcha in Real-Time Bidding Systems?

Answer 42

Handling high throughput while maintaining low latency and accuracy.

Question 43

What is a Booking System?

Answer 43

A system that allows users to search, reserve, and manage bookings for services like hotels or flights.

Question 44

What are the advantages of a Booking System?

Answer 44

Convenient reservation management, real-time availability updates, and streamlined operations.

Question 45

What are the disadvantages of a Booking System?

Answer 45

Complex inventory management, potential overbooking issues, and integration challenges.

Question 46

What are best practices when designing a Booking System?

Answer 46

Implement transactional consistency, use distributed locks, and ensure real-time availability updates.

Question 47

What are common use cases for Booking Systems?

Answer 47

Hotel reservations, flight bookings, and event ticketing.

Question 48

How does a Booking System impact system design?

Answer 48

Requires accurate inventory tracking, real-time data synchronization, and user-friendly interfaces.

Question 49

Give an example of a Booking System.

Answer 49

Booking.com, Expedia, and Airbnb.

Question 50

What are the architectural components of a Booking System?

Answer 50

Search service, inventory management, reservation handler, and payment gateway.

Question 51

How can performance be ensured in a Booking System?

Answer 51

Optimize search queries, implement caching, and scale services horizontally.

Question 52

How can fault tolerance be added to a Booking System?

Answer 52

Use redundant services, implement retry mechanisms, and monitor system health.

Question 53

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a Booking System?

Answer 53

Track booking transactions, monitor system metrics, and analyze user behavior.

Question 54

What is a real-world tradeoff in Booking Systems?

Answer 54

Balancing real-time availability with system performance and scalability.

Question 55

What is a common interview question on Booking Systems?

Answer 55

Design a hotel booking system that handles real-time availability and reservations.

Question 56

What is a potential gotcha in Booking Systems?

Answer 56

Handling concurrent bookings leading to overbooking or double reservations.

Question 57

What is a High-Frequency Trading Platform?

Answer 57

A system that executes a large number of financial transactions at extremely high speeds using algorithms.

Question 58

What are the advantages of a High-Frequency Trading Platform?

Answer 58

Increased market liquidity, rapid trade execution, and potential for high profits.

Question 59

What are the disadvantages of a High-Frequency Trading Platform?

Answer 59

High infrastructure costs, regulatory scrutiny, and potential market volatility.

Question 60

What are best practices when designing a High-Frequency Trading Platform?

Answer 60

Minimize latency, ensure data accuracy, and implement robust risk management.

Question 61

What are common use cases for High-Frequency Trading Platforms?

Answer 61

Algorithmic trading, market making, and arbitrage strategies.

Question 62

How does a High-Frequency Trading Platform impact system design?

Answer 62

Requires ultra-low latency, high throughput, and real-time data processing.

Question 63

Give an example of a High-Frequency Trading Platform.

Answer 63

Citadel Securities, Jump Trading, and Virtu Financial.

Question 64

What are the architectural components of a High-Frequency Trading Platform?

Answer 64

Market data handler, trading engine, risk management module, and order router.

Question 65

How can performance be ensured in a High-Frequency Trading Platform?

Answer 65

Use FPGA hardware, optimize network paths, and implement efficient algorithms.

Question 66

How can fault tolerance be added to a High-Frequency Trading Platform?

Answer 66

Deploy redundant systems, implement real-time monitoring, and have failover strategies.

Question 67

How is monitoring and debugging handled in a High-Frequency Trading Platform?

Answer 67

Monitor trade execution times, track system latency, and analyze trading anomalies.

Question 68

What is a real-world tradeoff in High-Frequency Trading Platforms?

Answer 68

Balancing execution speed with system complexity and regulatory compliance.

Question 69

What is a common interview question on High-Frequency Trading Platforms?

Answer 69

Design a high-frequency trading system with minimal latency and robust risk controls.

Question 70

What is a potential gotcha in High-Frequency Trading Platforms?

Answer 70

Handling network jitter and ensuring consistent trade execution under varying conditions.