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Z Chemistry > Adventures of Ben and Ethel! > Flashcards

Adventures of Ben and Ethel! Flashcards

1
Q

C) How do you form an alkane from an alkene?

A

Hydrogenation
Nickel catalyst
High pressure
60℃

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2
Q

C)How do you form a halogenoalkane with two bromines?

A

Bromine (Br2)

Addition reaction

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3
Q

C) How do you form a halogenoalkane with one bromine?

A

Electrophilic addition

HBr

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4
Q

How do you form an alcohol from an alkene?

A

Steam
Hot H3PO4 catalyst
Pressure

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5
Q

How do you form a diol (two alcohol groups) from an alkene?

A

Steam
KMnO4/H+
Oxidation

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6
Q

How do you form a polymer from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid?

A

SbO3 catalyst

280 degrees celsius

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7
Q

How do you form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane?

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Heat
With dilute NaOH

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8
Q

How do you form a halogenoalkane from an alcohol?

A

Conc H2SO4
and KBr (to get HBr in situ)
Distill

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9
Q

How do you form an amine from a halogenoalkane?

A

Heat under pressure

Excess ethanolic ammonia (aqueous gives an alcohol)

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10
Q

How do you form a halogenoalkane from an alkane?

A

Free radical substitution
UV light
Room temperature and pressure
Br2

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11
Q

How do you form the chloride salt of an amine?

A

Add HCl

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12
Q

How do you form CH3CH2NH3+ (+OH-) from CH3CH2NH2?

A

Add water

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13
Q

How do you form an amine group from a nitrile group?

A

LiAlH4 in DRY ETHER

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14
Q

How do you form a carboxylic acid from a nitrile group?

A

HCl
Boil
(Acid hydrolysis)

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15
Q

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?

A

Heat under reflux
H2SO4
K2Cr2O7

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16
Q

How do you form an aldehyde from an alcohol?

A

Warm and distill
With a primary alcohol
Acidified potassium dichromate
H2SO4

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17
Q

How do you form an alkene from an alcohol?

A

Dehydration

Conc H2SO4 or hot pumice Al2O3

18
Q

How do you form an alcohol from an aldehyde?

A

NaBH4

Warm in aqueous or ethanol conditions

19
Q

How do you form an ester from a carboxylic acid?

A

Heat under reflux
With alcohol
H+ catalyst (mineral acid catalyst)

20
Q

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an ester?

A

Add aqueous acid (hydrolysis)

21
Q

How do you form the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid from an ester?

A

NaOH (alkaline hydrolysis) (aqueous)

22
Q

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride?

A

H2O

23
Q

How do you form an acid anhydride from an acyl chloride?

A

Acyl chloride + sodium salt of carboxylic acid

24
Q

How do you form an amide (like a carboxylic acid but with NH2 where the OH of the acid should be) from an acyl chloride?

A

Concentrated NH3

25
Q

How do you form the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid from an amide (like a carboxylic acid but with NH2 where the OH of the acid should be)?

A

NaOH hydrolysis

Alkaline hydrolysis

26
Q

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an amide (like a carboxylic acid but with NH2 where the OH of the acid should be)?

A

Acid hydrolysis using HCl

27
Q

How do you form a ketone from an alcohol?

A

Heat under reflux
Secondary alcohol
H2SO4
K2Cr2O7

28
Q

How do you add one chlorine to a benzene ring?

A

AlCL3 + Cl2

Electrophilic substitution

29
Q

How do you form nitrobenzene from benzene? What is the ion involved in this mechanism?

A

Conc HNO3
Conc H2SO4
Nitration (with nitronium ion)

30
Q

How do you form an NH2 group on a benzene ring

A

Start with nitrobenzene
Tin (Sb)
Conc HCl
Reduction

31
Q

How do you form an NH3 group from an NH2 group on a benzene ring?

A

Add HCl (aq)

32
Q

How do you form an NH2 group from an NH3 group on a benzene ring?

A

NaOH (aq)

33
Q

How do you form benzene diazonium chloride?

A

Diazotisation with phenylamine

NaNO2 + HCl (to form nitrous acid in situ)

34
Q

How do you form an azo dye from benzene diazonium chloride?

A

Coupling reaction with phenol
Sodium hydroxide
Phenol
Chill (

35
Q

How do you form phenol from benzene diazonium chloride?

A

Warm above 10 degrees Celsius

36
Q

How do you from the sodium salt of phenol and what is it called?

A

Add sodium or sodium hydroxide

Sodium phenoxide

37
Q

How do you form phenol from sodium phenoxide?

A

HCl

38
Q

How do you form 2,4,6-tribromophenol from phenol?

A

3Br2

Substitution

39
Q

How do you form an ester from phenol?

A

Esterification
H2SO4
Acid anhydride

40
Q

How do you form a phenol from a phenol ester?

A

H2O in acid conditions

Acid hydrolysis

41
Q

How do you form an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid?

A

PCl3
PCl5
SOCl2

Z Chemistry (24 decks)

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