Adventures of Ben and Ethel!

Question 1

C) How do you form an alkane from an alkene?

Answer 1

Hydrogenation
Nickel catalyst
High pressure
60℃

Question 2

C)How do you form a halogenoalkane with two bromines?

Answer 2

Bromine (Br2)

Addition reaction

Question 3

C) How do you form a halogenoalkane with one bromine?

Answer 3

Electrophilic addition

HBr

Question 4

How do you form an alcohol from an alkene?

Answer 4

Steam
Hot H3PO4 catalyst
Pressure

Question 5

How do you form a diol (two alcohol groups) from an alkene?

Answer 5

Steam
KMnO4/H+
Oxidation

Question 6

How do you form a polymer from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid?

Answer 6

SbO3 catalyst

280 degrees celsius

Question 7

How do you form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane?

Answer 7

Nucleophilic substitution
Heat
With dilute NaOH

Question 8

How do you form a halogenoalkane from an alcohol?

Answer 8

Conc H2SO4
and KBr (to get HBr in situ)
Distill

Question 9

How do you form an amine from a halogenoalkane?

Answer 9

Heat under pressure

Excess ethanolic ammonia (aqueous gives an alcohol)

Question 10

How do you form a halogenoalkane from an alkane?

Answer 10

Free radical substitution
UV light
Room temperature and pressure
Br2

Question 11

How do you form the chloride salt of an amine?

Answer 11

Add HCl

Question 12

How do you form CH3CH2NH3+ (+OH-) from CH3CH2NH2?

Answer 12

Add water

Question 13

How do you form an amine group from a nitrile group?

Answer 13

LiAlH4 in DRY ETHER

Question 14

How do you form a carboxylic acid from a nitrile group?

Answer 14

HCl
Boil
(Acid hydrolysis)

Question 15

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?

Answer 15

Heat under reflux
H2SO4
K2Cr2O7

Question 16

How do you form an aldehyde from an alcohol?

Answer 16

Warm and distill
With a primary alcohol
Acidified potassium dichromate
H2SO4

Question 17

How do you form an alkene from an alcohol?

Answer 17

Dehydration

Conc H2SO4 or hot pumice Al2O3

Question 18

How do you form an alcohol from an aldehyde?

Answer 18

NaBH4

Warm in aqueous or ethanol conditions

Question 19

How do you form an ester from a carboxylic acid?

Answer 19

Heat under reflux
With alcohol
H+ catalyst (mineral acid catalyst)

Question 20

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an ester?

Answer 20

Add aqueous acid (hydrolysis)

Question 21

How do you form the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid from an ester?

Answer 21

NaOH (alkaline hydrolysis) (aqueous)

Question 22

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride?

Answer 22

H2O

Question 23

How do you form an acid anhydride from an acyl chloride?

Answer 23

Acyl chloride + sodium salt of carboxylic acid

Question 24

How do you form an amide (like a carboxylic acid but with NH2 where the OH of the acid should be) from an acyl chloride?

Answer 24

Concentrated NH3

Question 25

How do you form the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid from an amide (like a carboxylic acid but with NH2 where the OH of the acid should be)?

Answer 25

NaOH hydrolysis | Alkaline hydrolysis

Question 26

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an amide (like a carboxylic acid but with NH2 where the OH of the acid should be)?

Answer 26

Acid hydrolysis using HCl

Question 27

How do you form a ketone from an alcohol?

Answer 27

Heat under reflux Secondary alcohol H2SO4 K2Cr2O7

Question 28

How do you add one chlorine to a benzene ring?

Answer 28

AlCL3 + Cl2 | Electrophilic substitution

Question 29

How do you form nitrobenzene from benzene? What is the ion involved in this mechanism?

Answer 29

Conc HNO3 Conc H2SO4 Nitration (with nitronium ion)

Question 30

How do you form an NH2 group on a benzene ring

Answer 30

Start with nitrobenzene Tin (Sb) Conc HCl Reduction

Question 31

How do you form an NH3 group from an NH2 group on a benzene ring?

Answer 31

Add HCl (aq)

Question 32

How do you form an NH2 group from an NH3 group on a benzene ring?

Answer 32

NaOH (aq)

Question 33

How do you form benzene diazonium chloride?

Answer 33

Diazotisation with phenylamine | NaNO2 + HCl (to form nitrous acid in situ)

Question 34

How do you form an azo dye from benzene diazonium chloride?

Answer 34

Coupling reaction with phenol Sodium hydroxide Phenol Chill (

Question 35

How do you form phenol from benzene diazonium chloride?

Answer 35

Warm above 10 degrees Celsius

Question 36

How do you from the sodium salt of phenol and what is it called?

Answer 36

Add sodium or sodium hydroxide | Sodium phenoxide

Question 37

How do you form phenol from sodium phenoxide?

Answer 37

HCl

Question 38

How do you form 2,4,6-tribromophenol from phenol?

Answer 38

3Br2 | Substitution

Question 39

How do you form an ester from phenol?

Answer 39

Esterification H2SO4 Acid anhydride

Question 40

How do you form a phenol from a phenol ester?

Answer 40

H2O in acid conditions | Acid hydrolysis

Question 41

How do you form an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid?

Answer 41

PCl3 PCl5 SOCl2