Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
What is pharmacovigilance?
The science of detecting, evaluating, preventing adverse drug reactions or any medical problems.
The adverse drug reactions divided into.
Predictable - Unpredictable
The unpredictable ADRs are.
Idiosyncrasy - Allergy ( hypersensitivity )
Unpredictable abnormal response due to GENETIC abnormality.
Idiosyncrasy
Give 4 examples of idiosyncratic ADRs?
1- hemolytic anemia in patients with favism.
2- succinylcholine apnea.
3- malignant hyperthermia.
4- acute porphyria by barbiturates.
Unpredictable abnormal response due to Antigen /Antibody reaction.
Hypersensitivity ( allergy)
What are the four types of hypersensitivity?
- type 1 => immediate type.
- type 2 => cytotoxic type.
- type 3 => immune complex mediated.
- type 4 => cell mediated or delayed type.
Give two examples of type 1 hypersensitivity?
Asthma - Urticaria - anaphylaxis
The antibodies react with cell bound antigen and cause activation of complement which destroys the cells.
Type 2 hypersensitivity ( ex: blood transfusion reaction )
Combination of antigen (Very large dose first time) with circulating anibodies and complement.
Type 3 hypersensitivity ( ex: serum sickness )
It is mediated by sensitized T-lymphocytes. Re-exposure to the antigen leads to a local inflammatory response.
Type 4 hypersensitivity ( cell mediated or delayed )
Give an example of type 4 hypersensitivity?
Contact dermatitis
Unavoidable Undesirable part of normal pharmacologic actions by therapeutic dose of a drug.
Side effects
Give two examples of side effects?
- Cough with ACE inhibitors.
- Dry mouth with atropine ( antispasmodic of involuntary muscles ).
