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AE S1 Flashcards

1
Q

breakdown of living tissue by action of microorganisms (usually inflammatory)

A

sepsis

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2
Q

avoiding or preventing sepsis

A

asepsis

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3
Q

attempt to keep patients, health care staff
and objects as free as possible from
infection causing agents

A

medical asepsis

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4
Q

attempt to prevent microbes from gaining
access to surgically created wounds

A

surgical asepsis

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5
Q

bacteriostatic chemical applied to living things

A

antiseptic (i.e. povidone iodine)

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6
Q

bacteriostatic chemical used on inanimate objects

A

disinfectant (i.e. Lysol)

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7
Q

absolute state of absence of all forms of
viable microorganisms

A

sterility

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8
Q

total destruction of all living
microorganisms on any inanimate object or
instrument; not possible in animate surface

A

sterilization

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9
Q

reduction of number of viable
microorganisms to levels judged safe by
public health standards ( not the same as
sterilization )

A

sanitation

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10
Q

similar to sanitization except that it is not
connected to public health standards
To make as clean as possible (not to
disinfect nor s)terilize

A

decontamination

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11
Q

infection passed on from one person to another

A

cross infection

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12
Q

Destruction of most microorganisms but not
necessarily all microorganisms (sterility); resistant spores still survive

A

disinfection

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13
Q

presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the body following invasion by contaminated material

A

infection

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14
Q

infection originating from within one’s own body

A

endogenous infection

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15
Q

infection from an external source

A

exogenous infection

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16
Q

method or device by which microbes are transmitted from one place or person to another place or person

A

vector

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17
Q

measure of the ease with which a microorganism breaks down the body’s defenses

A

virulence

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18
Q

infective particle composed of protein and nucleic acid

A

virus

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19
Q

a condition when a person’s natural
immune or defense system is capable of
fighting infection

A

immunocompetent

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20
Q

a reduction in a person’s natural immunity
due to disease process

A

immunocompromised

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21
Q

a reduction in a person’s natural immunity
due to medication

A

immunosuppressed

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22
Q

pre-operative assessment

A
  • chief complaint
  • HPI
  • family history
  • personal and social history
  • medical history
  • review of systems
  • dental history
  • clinical examination
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23
Q

symptom vs sign

A

(symptom) what the px feels or sees for themselves

(sign) what a dentist/physician perceives from the px

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24
Q

how to take HPI

A

OLD CHART

  • onset
  • location
  • duration
  • characteristic symptoms
  • associated manifestations
  • relieving/exacerbating factors
  • treatment
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25
what to use if px is allergic to latex gloves
nitrile gloves
26
what to use if px is allergic to amide and ester LA
use diphenhydramine/benadryl (injectable antihystamine; 1.5-2ml, same fx of anesthesia for 30 mins)
27
effects of oral contraceptives in OS
imbalanced hormones -> increased estrogen -> causes blood clot to dislodge -> dry socket -> delayed healing
28
LA to avoid if px has liver disease
amide LA
29
LA to avoid if px has cholinesterase deficiency
ester LA
30
example of relieving dental anxiety via anxiolytics
benzodiazepines (i.e. diazepam)
31
normal BP
less than 120/80 mmHg
32
BP: pre hypertension
120-139/80-89
33
BP: stage I hypertension
140-159/90-99
34
BP: stage II hypertension
≥160/≥100
35
BP: hypertensive crisis
≥180/≥120
36
hypertension treatments
- ACE inhibitors - angiotensin receptor blockers - beta blockers - calcium channel blockers - diuretics
37
hypertension tx: ACE inhibitors
- benazepril - captopril - enalapril - fosinopril
38
hypertension tx: angiotensin receptor blockers
- candesartan - eprosartan - losartan
39
hypertension tx: beta blockers
- propranolol - timolol - nadolol - pindolol
40
hypertension tx: calcium channel blockers
- amlodipine - felodipine
41
hypertension tx: diuretics
- indapamine - metalozone - metolazone
42
normal pulse rate
60-100 bpm
43
where to check pulse rate
- radial artery - carotid artery
44
how to check pulse rate
count pulse in 1 min or 30 secs x 2
45
increased pulse rate
tachycardia
46
decreased pulse rate
bradycardia
47
normal respiratory rate
12-20 breaths per minute
48
increased respiratory rate
tachypnea
49
decreased respiratory rate
bradypnea
50
normal temperature
37C
51
pyrexia/fever
37.2C-37.5C
52
hyperpyrexia
41.1C
53
hypothermia
below 35C
54
short acting anesthesia (30 mins)
mepivacaine 3%
55
intermediate acting anesthesia (60 mins)
- articaine 4% w 1:100,000 epi - lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epi - lidocaine 2% with 1:80,000 epi
56
long acting anesthesia (>90 mins)
bupivacaine 0.5% with 1:200,000 epi
57
possible indications of ankle swelling/edema during the day
- CHF - pregnancy - varicose veins - kidney failure
58
possible indications of sudden or unexplained increase in weight of more than 10lbs in the past year
heart failure
59
possible indications of sudden or unexplained decrease in weight of more than 10lbs in the past year
- cancer - diabetes mellitus
60
possible indications of waking up with shortness of breath
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (CHF; left side heart failure)
61
classification: ASA I
healthy px
62
classification: ASA II
px with mild systemic disease; under control
63
classification: ASA III
px with severe systemic diseases that limits activity but is not incapacitating or w/ 2 systemic diseases
64
classification: ASA IV
px w/ incapacitating systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
65
classification: ASA V
moribund px not expected to survive 24 hrs w/ or w/o operatiion
66
classification: ASA VI
declared brain-dead px whose organs are being removed for donor purposes
67
conditions: ASA I
healthy px
68
conditions: ASA II
- mild hypertension - well controlled DM - asthma - rheumatic heart or congenital w/o disability - Hepa B w/o active disease process
69
conditions: ASA III
- coronary artery disease - emphysema - uncontrolled DM - hyperthyroidism - adrenal insufficiency - severe liver &/or kidney dysfunction - CHF
70
conditions: ASA IV
- MI or CVA within 6 mos. - intractable angina pectoris - dyspnea at rest
71
general anxiety reduction program: pre-op
- hypnotic agent - sedative agent - morning appointment
72
general anxiety reduction program: during appointment
- non-pharmacologic means of anxiety control - pharmacologic means of anxiety control
73
non-pharmacologic means of anxiety control
- frequent verbal reassurances - distracting conversations - no surprises, no unnecessary noise - surgical instruments out of patient’s site - relaxing background music - no stress-producing conversations - no clanging of instruments
74
pharmacologic means of anxiety control
- LA of sufficient intensity and duration - nitrous oxide (not in PH)
75
general anxiety reduction program: post-op
- clear post-op instructions and meds - inform px of possible post op sequelae - further reassurance - effective analgesics - give contact numbers px can call for questions and concerns - call px at home night after surgery to reassure and empathize
76
pre-medications 1 hr before surgery to decrease px's anxiety levels: tranquilizers
(benzodiazepenes) - diazepam - triazolam - midazolam - flurazepam
77
(hypertension) if px takes beta-blockers
- use 3% mepivacaine w/o epinephrine
78
(hypertension) if px takes calcium channel blockers
- avoid erythromycin - avoid clarithromycin - avoid long term use of NSAID
79
possible drugs myocardial infarction px may be taking
- plavix (stronger anticoagulant) - aspirin (blood thinner)
80
drugs to avoid for renal dialysis px
- nephrotoxic drugs (esters, NSAIDs, dyes)
81
how many days until dental appointment can be made for px who just had dialysis
2 days after renal dialysis

Oral Surgery (2 decks)

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