Aeronautical Charts

Question 1

Conformal or orthomorphic charts

Answer 1

• Need to keep a constant scale or scale expansion over a small area
• Latitude and meridians crossing at 90 degrees

Question 2

Above what latitude is a Mercator chart unreliable?

Answer 2

70 degrees latitude

Question 3

What is a Mercator chart useful for?

Answer 3

Short distance travel

Question 4

Rhumb lines on a Mercator projection are…

Answer 4

Straight

Question 5

What style are VNCs in NZ

Answer 5

Mercator

Question 6

What projection is more accurate for measuring distances?

Answer 6

Lambert’s conformal projection

Question 7

What are Lambert’s conformal projection commonly used for?

Answer 7

• Aeronautical charts in regions with a significant north-south or east-west extent
• Long distance planning
• IFR en-route charts

Question 8

Properties of Mercator

Answer 8

• Conformal (orthomorphic), bearings are correct.
• Poles are not projected
• Scale is not constant, increases away from the equator.
• Shapes are correctly represented.
• Meridians are straight lines, parallel and equidistant.
• Parallels of latitude are straight lines, parallel, and expanding from the equator.
• Meridians are perpendicular to latitudes
• Rhumb lines are straight lines
• Great circle are curved convex

Question 9

Process of Mercator

Answer 9

Cylindrical projection

Question 10

Disadvantages of Mercator

Answer 10

• Distances are difficult to measure accurately
• Great circles cannot be plotted
• Cannot be used at latitudes above 70°N and below 70°S

Question 11

Process of Lambert’s conformal

Answer 11

Conic projection

Question 12

Properties of Lambert’s conformal

Answer 12

• Poles projection.
• Conformal, bearings are correct.
• Meridians are straight lines radiating from the nearest pole
• Parallels of latitude are arcs concentric and evenly spaced, concave to the same pole.
• Meridians are perpendicular to the parallels of latitude
• Great circles are straight lines
• Rhumb lines are curved concave
• The scale is constant

Question 13

Visual Planning Chart - Yellow

Answer 13

1:1,000,000, portray a certain amount of topographical and cultural information of NZ.

Question 14

Visual Navigation Chart - Blue

Answer 14

1:500,000, detailed topographic, cultural and aeronautical information covering all airspace in NZ.

Question 15

Visual Navigation Charts Enlargement - Green

Answer 15

1:250,000, congested areas.

Question 16

Terminal Chart - Orange

Answer 16

1:125,000