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BDS2 Oral Biology > Aetiology Of Gingivitis And Periodintitis > Flashcards

Aetiology Of Gingivitis And Periodintitis Flashcards

1
Q

Define epidemiology

A

The study of the distribution and extermination of health+related states in the population and application to control health problems

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2
Q

What are the 3 plaque hypotheses?

A

Non-specific plaque hypothesis
Specific plaque hypothesis
Ecological hypothesis

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3
Q

Define “non-specific plaque hypothesis”

A

Periodontal disease is due to bacterial accumulation irrespective of its composition

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4
Q

What is the problem with “non-specific plaque hypothesis”

A

Doesn’t consider pathogenicity or host factors

This does not prove clinically

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5
Q

Define the specific plaque hypothesis

A

Periodontal disease is the result of an infection with a a single specific pathogen

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6
Q

What does the specific plaque hypothesis aim to address?

A

Target specific bacteria

Attempts to address why some patients have considerable plaque deposits but don’t progress to severe periodontal disease

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7
Q

Define the ecological hypothesis

A

Disease is the result of an Imbalance in the total micro flora due to ecological stress resulting in the enrichment of some ‘oral pathogens’

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8
Q

What is the effect of anaerobic bacteria?

A

Increased host inflammation

Increased proteins/glycoproteins used as a substrate to shift the microbial composition

This causes host mediated tissue damage

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9
Q

What are the 3 tri-factors?

A

Host/genetic
Micro-organisms
Environment

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10
Q

What is an example of an environment promoting plaque?

A

Overhangs

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11
Q

What is the red complex?

A

The red complex, which appears later during biofilm development, comprises species that are considered periodontal pathogens, namely, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia

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12
Q

What do bacteria use as food?

A

Proteins and glycoproteins

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13
Q

What are the 7 host factors which playa role in aetiology?

A
  1. Periodontists has a microbial element
  2. Bacteria and microbes are essential
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14
Q

What is the majority of damage from periodontist caused by?

A

Due to inflammatory host response to bacteria, biofilm rather than direct bacterial activity

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of systemic and local factors?

A

Non-modifiable
Modifiable

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16
Q

What are examples of systemic host factors?

A

General health
Lifestyle factors
Environmental factors

17
Q

Is diabetes a modifiable factor?

A

Yes

Control of disease

18
Q

What is an example of a lifestyle factor associated with periodontal disease?

A

Smoking
Drinking

19
Q

What is an unmodifiable general health factor?

A

Chemo/cancer

20
Q

What is an example of an environmental factor?

A

Dehydration due to environment

21
Q

How would you describe the relationship between periodontitis and diabetes?

A

Bi-directional

22
Q

How does cardiovascular disease relate to periodontitis?

A

The persons usually overweight
May be a smoker or ex-smoker
Systemic inflammation

23
Q

What type of diet are you likely to see more systemic inflammation?

A

Carbohydrate

24
Q

How does prolonged stress promote periodontal disease?

A

Can cause suppression if the immune system which may tip the host/bacteria balance in favour of the disease

Poor self care etc

25
Q

What medication can promote inflammation? (Gingival enlargement)

A

Calcium channel blocker
Phenytoin for epilepsy
Ciclosporine

26
Q

What normal changes can cause gingival enlargement?

A

Pregnancy
Adolescence

27
Q

Can the dentist help with local factors?

A

Yes, educate

Remove

28
Q

What are examples of local factors caused by dentist?

A

Defective restoration margins
Poorly designed dentures
Appliances with excessive gingival coverage

29
Q

What is iatrogenic damage?

A

Damage/injury caused by the dental treatment

Patient not ready

30
Q

What is false pocketing?

A

Gingival inflammation, not a true pocket

31
Q

What is the defined size of a periodontal pocket?

A

Over 4mm

32
Q

Why does mouth breathing effect gingival health?

A

Dry out

Body unable to fight off bacteria in a normal manner

33
Q

Is calculus a local or systemic factor?

A

Local - area for more plaque build up

34
Q

What are the symptoms of gingivitis?

A

Bleeding gums
Swollen gums

35
Q

What are the symptoms of periodontal disease?

A

Bleeding gums
Food stuck
Receding gums
Black triangles

36
Q

How would you assess the gingivae via gingival indices?

A

0 - no bleeding
1 - bleeding

Taken from gingival margin

37
Q

What aspect of gingival do you lose when gingivitis occurs?

A

Lose stippling

38
Q

What do black triangles indicate?

A

Historic periodontal disease

39
Q

How do you deal with a patient at risk of periodontitis?

A

Remove supragingival plaque
Educate

BDS2 Oral Biology (27 decks)

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