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BDS2 Oral Biology > Primary defence Barriers in Periodontal Pathogenesis (1) > Flashcards

Primary defence Barriers in Periodontal Pathogenesis (1) Flashcards

1
Q

What patients are seen to have periodontal disease?

A

have an exaggerated inflammatory/immune response to bacterial biofilm

have reduced levels of antioxidant defences.

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2
Q

What causes tissue damage in periodontal disease?

A

The tissue damage in periodontal disease is mainly caused by the host response, accounting to 80% of the tissue damage.

Direct effect of the bacteria in the biofilm
contributes to only 20% of the tissue damage.

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3
Q

What causes the host to respond?

A

The bacterial biofilm
Biofilm antigens

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4
Q

What disease does innate early response cause?

A

Early gingival inflammation

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5
Q

What disease does the adaptive immune response cause?

A

Moderate to advanced gingival and periodontal disease (Chronic inflammation)

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6
Q

What response does bacterial biofilms in plaque cause?

A

inflammatory immune response

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7
Q

What response does plaque antigens cause?

A

immune response

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8
Q

What is the innate immune response mainly associated with?

A

intact epithelial barrier

saliva

gingival crevicular fluid

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9
Q

What does the intact epithelial barrier include?

A

junctional epithelium

sulcular epithelium

oral epithelium

(protect underlying connective tissue)

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10
Q

What is involved in innate immunity?

A

Innate immunity involves:
Fluid lubrication (Saliva and
Gingival Crevicular) fluid
Epithelial barriers
Complement cascade
Cell signalling
Vasoactive peptides
Adhesion molecules
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Mast cells

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11
Q

What is the role of mucin in saliva?

A

Saliva contains mucin, which acts as a lubricant
facilitating mastication, swallowing and speech.

It forms a mucous film that protects the mucosa and
keeps it moist.

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12
Q

What are the antibacterial agents of saliva?

A

lysozyme histatin and lactoferrin

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13
Q

What is the role of growth factors in saliva?

A

important in wound healing and maintaining the epithelial integrity

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14
Q

What is the role of cystatin in saliva?

A

inhibits harmful cysteine-proteinases produced by bacteria and dying neutrophils

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15
Q

Where are IgA produced in saliva?

A

Immunoglobulins especially those involved in mucosal immunity (IgA). Produced by plasma cells within salivary glands and secreted

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16
Q

Where do the materials for the GCF pass from?

A

Materials and cells pass from the lamina propria into the sulcus

17
Q

In health what materials are found in the GCF?

A

Immunoglobulins
Complement
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells)
Epithelial squames
Plaque bacteria
Bacterial products

18
Q

What molecules will be present in the GCF ill-health? (periodontal ligament break down or remodelling)

A

Cathepsin B
Prostaglandins
Interleukins
TNF
EGF
Breakdown products of the extracellular matrix

19
Q

What are other inflammatory products present in the GCF in host defence?

A

Cytokines
neutrophils

20
Q

What effect can the innate immune (inflammatory) system have on the periodontium?

A

The products of the inflammatory reaction could lead to tissue damage

21
Q

What part of the epithelium plays a role in inflammatory response?

A

junctional epithelium

22
Q

How does the junctional epithelium play a role in the inflammatory response?

A

Junctional epithelium allows fluids and cells to pass through it.
Role in the inflammatory response through cytokine release in response to bacterial products (e.g. LPS).
Release of antibacterial peptides (β-defensins).

23
Q

What is an example of cytokines and antibacterial peptides the junctional epithelium release?

A

cytokine = LPS

ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES = beta-defensins

24
Q

signalling molecules released by the epithelial cells results in what?

A

Vascular changes

Detection of bacteria (TLRs on junctional epithelium and fibroblasts)

Cytokines

Chemokines

25
Q

What is an example of an anti-inflammatory cytokine?

A

IL-10

26
Q

What cytokine is involved in B and T cell activation?

A

IL-6

27
Q

What cytokine is involved in CD8+ T cell maturation?

A

IL-2

28
Q

What cytokine is involved in CD4+ T cell maturation?

A

IL-4,5,13

29
Q

What cytokine is involved in IL-6 synthesis by periodontal fibroblasts?

A

IL-1

30
Q

What is an example of a vasoactive peptide?

A

histamine

31
Q

What triggers the release of histamine from mast cells?

A

response to C3a and C5a or Prostaglandin
E2.

32
Q

What does histamine do?

A

Histamine increases vascular permeability thus facilitating diapedesis and chemotaxis

33
Q

What is the role of adhesin molecules?

A

facilitates inflammatory cell contact with endothelial cells thus facilitating migration into the tissues

34
Q

What are 3 examples of adhesin molecules?

A

Intercellular adhesion molecules I and II

Endothelial adhesion molecule I

Leucocyte function antigen I

BDS2 Oral Biology (27 decks)

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