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DEN304 - IODC > Aetiology of Malocclusion > Flashcards

Aetiology of Malocclusion Flashcards

- Define skeletal pattern - Appreciate the 3D aspects of skeletal relationships - Understand the interdependence of the skeletal pattern and soft tissues - Relate the form and function of the lips and tongue to incisor relationships - Give an account of normal and abnormal mandibular positions

1
Q

Skeletal features consist of which bases?

A

Upper dental base

Lower dental base

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2
Q

Skeletal pattern depends on relationship between

A

upper and lower dental base

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3
Q

3 dimensions

A

Antero-posterior
Vertical
Transverse

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4
Q

Anteroposterior relationship classes definitions
I
II
III

A

I - Lower DB set back slightly to Upper
II - Lower DB set further back
III - Lower DB protrudes from line of 0 meridian/retrusion of maxilla

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5
Q

Maxilla has

A

More variation in terms of position of upper jaw

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6
Q

Regions of skull

A

Maxilla
Mandible
Skull

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7
Q

Vertical relationship features
FFMP definition and average value?
Columella to bottom of chin should =

A

FFMP - lower border of orbit –> EAM and and mandibular plane
approx 28 degrees on average
1/3 face height

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8
Q

Increased FFMP =

A

Increased likelihood of anterior open bite

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9
Q

Decreased FFMP =

A

Deep bite

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10
Q

Transverse features

Wider UA/LA can lead to

A

View from front
Wider UA or LA can lead to cross bite
Discrepancies are more obvious

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11
Q

Soft tissues

A

Lips and cheek
Nose
Gum line

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12
Q

Competency:
Gummy smile
Competent lips
Incompetent lips

A

Gummy smile can result from short lip length or vertical max. excess
Meet at rest
Do not meet at rest
Increases with age
Will meet if factor preventing it is removed

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13
Q

Lip line - location

A

Normally lower lip line rests midway up crown of upper incisors

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14
Q

Tongue - function

A

Creates resting force on teeth which opposes force from lips
In position of stability which influences tooth position

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15
Q

Tongue thrust

A

Creates seal either for adaptive or endogenous reasons
Correction of anterior open bite can resolve it
Endogenous thrust is rare - lisping or bimaxillary protrusion - can result in anterior open bite

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16
Q

Habits

A

Dummy/thumb sucking
Proclamation decreases with age due to loss of habit
Position will generally improve

17
Q

Effect of thumb sucking

A

Reduced overbite or aob
Proclines upper incisors
Retroclines lower incisors
Posterior cross bite by reducing size of upper jaw

18
Q

Labial frenum can be

A

Normal
Abnormal - low attachment –> diastema
Bonded retainer can stop spacing –> resorption of fibres

19
Q

Dental cause of malocclusion and expand

A

Tooth/tissue ratio - crowding can be mild or severe

Crowding common in lower incisal area

20
Q

Aetiology of crowding (x2)

A

Environmental - diet due to lack of occlusal wear - research showed wear below contact point allows for space for more teeth to erupt
Genetic - independent genetic control of tooth development and upper and lower jaw development

21
Q

Spacing

A

Can be localised e.g midline diastema - can be closed but needs to be permanently retained

22
Q

Conditions affecting number of teeth

A 
Anodontia
Hypodontia - no tooth bud
Hyperdontia - mesiodens
Supernumerary 
Macrodontia 
Microdontia
23
Q

Abnormal form/position
Transposition
Impaction

A

Transposition - swapping of normal positions

Impaction - impaction between two teeth

24
Q

Path of closure
Lateral displacement
Forward displacement

A 
Lateral displacement - can occur with narrow upper arch/wide LA - teeth do not meet correctly 
Forward displacement - instancing class III incisors
25
Q

Pathology
Cysts
Tumours
Trauma

A

Dentigerous cysts can prevent eruption
Tumours - knocking primary incisors–> intrusion
Trama

26
Q

High lip line common in

A

Class II Div II due to retroclined upper incisors

27
Q

A high lip line with a severe antero-posterior skeletal discrepancy and a Class II division 1 incisor
relationship shown by

A high lip line with a reduced lower face height will produce

A low lip line

Strap lower lip describes

One of the signs of a hyperactive lower lip

A

the lower lip is placed behind the upper incisors on the palate or the
teeth

produce a Class II(ii) incisor
relationship since the lower lip will be on the labial side of the upper incisors

The lower lip contacts the tongue thus dispersing the upper incisors.

a hyperactive lower lip. the significance of this condition is that any overjet
must be FULLY reduced in order to be stable.

the presence of a deep mentalis fold.

DEN304 - IODC (58 decks)

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