AF Module 3:1

Question 1

Trans-Atlantic slave trade decline

Answer 1

by late 1860s.
Rise in exports of commodities

Question 2

Islamic Expansion

Answer 2

of south Sahara stopped after 1880

Question 3

Trade in tropical products

Answer 3

• Palm oil export encouraged by the British as an alternative to the slave trade
• Sale served the self-interest of industrializing Europe (replaced by petroleum later)
• Peanut production grew

Question 4

British Effect on Slavery

Answer 4

West Africa Squadron intercepted slave ships and liberated slaves, settling them in Freetown, Sierra Leone and Liberia

Question 5

Powerful kings redirected from Slavery

Answer 5

Redirected their slaves labor to legitimate goods
But only possible through continued local warfare and slave raiding, so slave markets remained strong internally

Question 6

Slave trade banning challenges

Answer 6

US constitution prohibited it
Plantations in Brazil only grew their need

so it only happened gradually, and coincided with the most intensive use of slaves (in Africa, 60s-70s)

Question 7

Sudanic Savanna

Answer 7

Senegal & Gambia to Ethiopian Mountains
Islam in practice for 500-1000 years
Revival brought reform and revolutionary change

Question 8

Islami reform

Answer 8

Muslim scholars and religious leaders waged jihads (religious wars against animist rulers and corrupt Islamic states)

Question 9

Sokoto Caliphate

Answer 9

• 1809, Uthman dan Fodio
• Became one of the most prosperous regions due to its sophisticated written constitution based on Islamic history/law
• Islam also became more deeply rooted
• Islam approved of slavery, creating a new slaving frontier

Question 10

Jihad of ‘04

Answer 10

The power vacuum left by Songhai that the Fulani wanted to occupy
Fodio established his own settlement in the kingdom using the influence he gained working in the Fulani court, which they didn’t like
Fodio recruited and overthrew Hausa rulers, replacing them with his people

Question 11

Islam expansion in East

Answer 11

• Arab merchants and adventurers searched for ivory and slavers, intermarried Nyamwezi elites and established Muslim states
• Brought literacy, administrative skills, increased trade and international contact but also Intensified slavery

Question 12

Sayyid Said

Answer 12

• Conquered port of Mombasa
• Allowed all slave shipments from coast through Zanzibar
• Gained control of Swahili coast
• Encouraged Indian merchants to develop slave based clove plantations