AFCS (MOD 1-2)

Question 1

Combines essential flight information such as airspeed, altitude, attitude, and heading into a single screen.

Answer 1

Primary flight display

Question 2

Provides navigation data, weather information, engine parameters, and other crucial flight data.

Answer 2

Multi-function display

Question 3

This computer, rather than individual instruments, can determine the calibrated airspeed, Mach number, altitude, and altitude trend data from an aircraft’s Pitot Static System.

Answer 3

Air Data Computer (ADC)

Question 4

Where does the ADC get its data from

Answer 4

Pitot static system

Question 5

is an advanced system used in modern avionics to provide critical flight data regarding an aircraft’s orientation and movement.

Answer 5

Attitude and Heading Reference System

Question 6

AHRS consists of sensors that measure

Answer 6

rotational rates, accelerations, and magnetic fields

Question 7

It provides comprehensive flight information by integrating air data (such as airspeed, altitude, and outside air temperature) with attitude and heading data.

Answer 7

ADAHRS (Air Data, Attitude, and Heading Reference System)

Question 8

ADAHRS (Air Data, Attitude, and Heading Reference System) is a system that combines both the

Answer 8

• ADC
• AHRS

Question 9

detects the Earth’s magnetic field to determine the aircraft’s orientation relative to magnetic north. It uses magnetic sensors to measure the strength and direction of the magnetic field.

Answer 9

MAGNETOMETER (GMU)

Question 10

It provides essential communication with air traffic control (ATC) by transmitting the aircraft’s identity, position, altitude, and other data.

Answer 10

GTX

Question 11

What type of transponder is the garmin gtx 33

Answer 11

remote-mounted Mode S

Question 12

is an engine/airframe interface unit designed for use in Garmin’s integrated flight decks, such as the G1000 system.

Answer 12

GEA

Question 13

are advanced, all-in-one solutions that combine navigation, communication, and flight data into a single interface, providing pilots with enhanced situational awareness, automation, and safety features.

Answer 13

Garmin Integrated avionics system

Question 14

An integrated system that automates various flight control functions to reduce pilot workload

Answer 14

Automatic Flight Control System

Question 15

Components of AFCS

Answer 15

• Sensors
• Computers/Processors
• Actuators/Servos
• Interface

Question 16

This component of the AFCS detects flight parameters (e.g., pitch, roll, airspeed)

Answer 16

Sensors

Question 17

This component of the AFCS Interpret data and send control commands

Answer 17

Computers/Processors

Question 18

This component of the AFCS Execute commands by moving control surfaces

Answer 18

Actuators/Servos

Question 19

This component of the AFCS Centralized control panel for pilot inputs

Answer 19

Interface

Question 20

The ___ commands several integrated systems from a single panel including: ___, ___, ___, ___, ___. Mode selections for many features are made from this single interface

Answer 20

• AFCS control panel
• flight directors
• autopilots
• autothrottles
• autoland
• navigational aids

Question 21

Modern general aviation AFCS are fully integrated with ___ and ___ including ___.

Answer 21

• digital attitude heading and reference systems (AHRS)
• navigational aids
• glideslope

Question 22

Control Systems within AFCS

Answer 22

• Autopilot systems
• Flight Director Systems
• Autothrottle Systems
• Stability Augmentation Systems (SAS)

Question 23

This control system within the AFCS Maintain selected flight parameters (e.g., altitude, heading)

Answer 23

Autopilot systems

Question 24

This control system within the AFCS Provide visual guidance cues to pilots

Answer 24

Flight Director Systems

Question 25

This control system within the AFCS Automatically control engine power settings

Answer 25

Autothrottle Systems

Question 26

This control system within the AFCS Enhance inherent stability of the aircraft

Answer 26

Stability Augmentation Systems

Question 27

AFCS utilizes ___ to automate control inputs.

Answer 27

flight dynamics principles

Question 28

___ monitor flight parameters; ___ determine necessary adjustments.

Answer 28

- Sensors - processors

Question 29

___ implement changes to control surfaces, maintaining desired flight conditions.

Answer 29

Actuators

Question 30

Categories of AFCS

Answer 30

- Single-Axis System - Two-Axis System - Three-Axis System - Four-Axis System

Question 31

Function: Controls only one axis of movement — typically roll.

Answer 31

Single-Axis System

Question 32

Use: Common in basic autopilot systems for light aircraft.

Answer 32

Single-Axis System

Question 33

Example: Maintains wings level during cruise; often called a ___

Answer 33

- Single-Axis System - Wing leveler

Question 34

Function: Controls both pitch and roll.

Answer 34

Two-Axis System

Question 35

Use Case: Improves flight stability; allows altitude hold and basic navigation.

Answer 35

Two-Axis System

Question 36

Example: Can maintain altitude (pitch control) and heading (roll control).

Answer 36

Two-Axis System

Question 37

Function: Controls pitch, roll, and yaw.

Answer 37

Three-Axis System

Question 38

Use: Offers complete directional control; improves coordination and turn stability

Answer 38

Three-Axis System

Question 39

Example: Yaw damper included to minimize adverse yaw or Dutch roll in swept-wing aircraft.

Answer 39

Three-Axis System

Question 40

Function: Controls pitch, roll, yaw, and throttle (engine power).

Answer 40

Four-Axis System

Question 41

Use Case: Provides full flight envelope automation, including auto-throttle.

Answer 41

Four-Axis System

Question 42

Example: Common in modern Fly-By-Wire (FBW) aircraft like the Airbus A320 or Boeing 787, enabling functions like autoland, climb/descent management, and fuel efficiency optimization.

Answer 42

Four-Axis System

Question 43

AFCS modes

Answer 43

- Pitch Hold Mode - Roll Hold Mode - Altitude Hold Mode - Heading Hold Mode - Glide Slope and Localizer Tracking (ILS Mode) - Vertical Speed (VS) - Flight Level Change Mode (FLCH)

Question 44

- Function: Maintains the current pitch angle of the aircraft. - Use: Used in level flight or during manual climb/descent without setting a target altitude. - Example: Keeps nose-up or nose-down angle constant during smooth flight.

Answer 44

Pitch Hold Mode

Question 45

- Function: Maintains the current bank angle. - Use: Useful during standard rate turns or when maintaining a turn angle in holding patterns. Roll Hold keeps the aircraft at a specific bank angle, which is useful during turns. - Example: If banking 20° left, the autopilot will keep that angle steady.

Answer 45

Roll hold mode

Question 46

- Function: Holds the aircraft at a selected altitude. - Use: Ensures level cruising flight and helps meet assigned altitude clearances. - Example: Set at FL350, the aircraft maintains that flight level regardless of pitch or power changes.

Answer 46

Altitude Hold Mode

Question 47

- Function: Maintains a specific compass heading. - Use: Helps the aircraft fly a precise direction; good for VFR navigation or ATC vectors. - Example: Pilot dials in 090°, and the aircraft flies due east.

Answer 47

Heading Hold Mode

Question 48

- Function: Tracks the localizer (horizontal guidance) and glide slope (vertical guidance) for precision landings. - Use: Used in Instrument Landing System (ILS) approaches, especially in low visibility. - Example: Enables auto-landing on equipped runways (Category II or III approaches).

Answer 48

Glide Slope and Localizer Tracking (ILS Mode)

Question 49

- Function: Maintains a selected rate of climb or descent (e.g., +1000 ft/min). - Use: For controlled altitude changes with stable pitch.

Answer 49

Vertical Speed Mode (VS):

Question 50

- Function: Adjusts pitch to maintain selected speed during climb/descent. - Use: Used for energy-efficient altitude changes by prioritizing airspeed. - manages pitch to maintain a desired speed as you change altitude - Mode for smooth, fuel-efficient transitions.

Answer 50

Flight Level Change Mode (FLCH)

Question 51

- Flight Management Systems (FMS) feed ___ and ___ - AFCS interprets and executes ___ - Enables ___ and ___

Answer 51

- route and profile data - flight paths - Lateral Navigation and Vertical Navigation

Question 52

Flying qualities determine whether an aircraft is ___ or even ___

Answer 52

- pleasant - safe to fly

Question 53

Flying qualities depend not just on design, but also on how well the AFCS manages ___ and ____.

Answer 53

- stability - responsiveness

Question 54

Flying qualities classifications

Answer 54

- Level 1: Fully satisfactory without pilot compensation - Level 2: Adequate to accomplish mission with increased workload - Level 3: Marginally controllable, unsafe for routine operations