Affective Disorders Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is mood, and how does it affect a person’s perception of the world?
Mood is a pervasive and sustained emotional state that colors a person’s perception of the world.
What are the key characteristics that differentiate mood from affection, emotions, or feelings?
Mood differs from affection, emotions, or feelings by its intensity, duration, and fluctuations.
Name the main types of mood described in affective disorders.
The main types of mood are euphoric, normal (euthymic), and depressive.
Which classifications are used for mood disorders?
Mood disorders are classified under ICD-11, DSM-5, and ICD-10 systems.
What are the main categories of depressive disorders mentioned?
Single episode depressive disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, and diathymic disorder.
What are the types of bipolar disorders listed?
Bipolar type 1 disorder, bipolar type 2 disorder, and cyclothymic disorder including the broader bipolar spectrum.
What was the estimated global prevalence of depression in 2015?
The estimated global prevalence in 2015 was 4.4%, affecting approximately 322 million people.
What increase in depression prevalence was observed between 2005 and 2015?
There was a relative increase in prevalence of 18.4%.
What is the social and economic impact of depression globally?
Depression is the first chronic disorder worldwide in years lived with disability (YLD), caused 11% of global YLD in 2017, and ranks as the 3rd leading cause of disability causing 3.8% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
What are the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode regarding symptoms and duration?
Five or more symptoms must be present during the same two-week period representing a change from previous functioning, with at least one being depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure.
List at least five symptoms associated with major depression.
Depressed mood, markedly diminished interest/pleasure, significant weight/appetite change, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue or loss of energy.
What emotional symptoms characterize major depressive disorder in children and adolescents?
Irritable mood instead of depressed mood.
What cognitive symptoms are common in major depressive disorder?
Diminished ability to think or concentrate and indecisiveness nearly every day.
What suicidal symptoms may be present in major depression?
Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation without a specific plan, suicide attempts, or specific plans for committing suicide.
What conditions must be ruled out before diagnosing major depressive disorder?
Symptoms must not be better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other psychotic disorders, and must not be due to the effects of substances or other medical conditions.
What is the significance of no history of manic or hypomanic episodes in diagnosing major depressive disorder?
There must never have been a manic or hypomanic episode to confirm the diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
Name some specifiers for major depressive disorder.
Anxious distress, melancholic features, atypical features, psychotic features, catatonic features, postpartum onset, seasonal pattern.
What percentage of people with depression contemplate and commit suicide?
60% contemplate suicide; 10-15% commit suicide.
What are the risks of recurrence after multiple depressive episodes?
After the first episode: 50%; second episode: 70-80%; third episode: 80%.
What genetic factors contribute to depression?
High prevalence of alleles increasing risk for depression; genes implicated in inflammatory and immune pathways; small effects of individual genes and greater effects from functional genetic units.
