africa review

Question 1

what modern country and ancient civilization is located on the continent of africa but in the ap world region of the middle east

Answer 1

egypt

Question 2

describe the impact of geography on the continent of africa as a whole

Answer 2

-offered many products but made trade more difficult
-.natural boundaries(deserts, non-navigable rivers, rainforests, mountains) made it difficult for africa to unify
-africa became very tribal with a lot of racial and cultural diversity on the continent

Question 3

what were griots

Answer 3

african storytellers

Question 4

how do historians view the reliability of griots when trying to learn about past cultures

Answer 4

they believe that the oral traditions of the griots are very reliable although the “core” of the stories are most likely accurate

Question 5

how does the use of griots explain why we know so little about the early history of africa

Answer 5

many griots were suddenly killed causing permanent loss of much of africas early culture when the slave trade began

Question 6

geographic features and location of north africa

Answer 6

-borders the mediterranean sea
-sahara desert is to the south

Question 7

geographic features and location of west africa

Answer 7

-includes the southern part of the sahara
-includes the savanna(grasslands)
-includes the rainforest(congo)

Question 8

geographic features and location of central africa

Answer 8

-includes rainforest(congo)
-includes savanna(grasslands)

Question 9

geographic features and location of southern africa

Answer 9

-includes kalahari desert
-includes savanna(grasslands)

Question 10

geographic features and location of east africa

Answer 10

-coastline of east africa
-got goods from the africa interior(central and southern africa)

Question 11

influence of geography on north africa

Answer 11

-berbers will take control of the sahara and control the salt mines

Question 12

influence of geography on west africa

Answer 12

-abundance of gold, great need for salt and other important products, including animal skins, ebony, ivory, palm oil, bananas, and oil
-developed the trans saharan trade network(gold and salt trade)

Question 13

influence of geography on central africa

Answer 13

-abundance of gold, great need for salt and other important products, including animal skins, ebony, ivory, palm oil, bananas, and oil

Question 14

influence of geography on southern africa

Answer 14

-primary location of the bantu migrations
-connected to swahili city states trade network

Question 15

influence of geography on east africa

Answer 15

-kush(nubia), axum(ethiopia grew out of axum), and the swahili city states became an important part of the indian ocean trade network
-trade was easier, safer, and more efficient because of the monsoon winds

Question 16

what was animism

Answer 16

a category of religions that believes in the existence of spirits in the natural world

Question 17

how did animism influence africa before the arrival of islam and christianity

Answer 17

animistic religions have a close relationship and bond with the natural world

Question 18

describe the characteristics of african stateless societies

Answer 18

-no concentration of political power
-held together by kinship obligations
-no central government, no army, no taxes, and no nobility/ruling class

Question 19

what kingdoms remained christian in africa during the 600 ce to 1450 ce time period

Answer 19

nubia(kush) and ethiopia(originally called axum)

Question 20

analyze the effects of christianity on ethiopia

Answer 20

ethiopia was an isolated christian civilization that existed in the highlands and was surrounded by islam and constantly in conflict with muslim states

Question 21

discuss the importance of trade in east africa in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 21

-the indian ocean trade network where africa sent mostly raw materials(ivory, gold, timber, ebony) in exchange for more finished goods(silk, cotton, porcelain)
-the predictable monsoon winds made trade safer and easier
-trade was dominated by muslim merchants

Question 22

define the term “sub saharan africa”

Answer 22

below the saharan desert

Question 23

identify significant characteristics of southern in central africa in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 23

-shaped by bantu migrations(bantu culture including language)
-no written language
-little is known about the region although some powerful kingdoms did exist

Question 24

who was ibn batters

Answer 24

a great traveler

Question 25

what was ibn battuta important

Answer 25

his diaries from his travels help us greatly in our understanding of west africa, east africa, the middle east, and south asia

Question 26

why was the camel important in north africa

Answer 26

-camels allowed for the development of trans-saharan trade because they could carry heavy loads and walk 20 to 30 miles each day without the need for constant water -“ships of the desert”

Question 27

what was a political leader in ghana called

Answer 27

a king

Question 28

what was a political leader in mali called

Answer 28

a mansa

Question 29

what was a political leader in songhay called

Answer 29

an askia

Question 30

what was economic about ghana

Answer 30

the trans saharan trade network(gold/salt trade)

Question 31

what was economic about mali

Answer 31

the trans saharan trade network(gold/salt trade)

Question 32

what was economic about songhay

Answer 32

the trans saharan trade network(gold/salt trade)

Question 33

what was religious about ghana

Answer 33

-adopted islam -islam fused with animism -upper classes tended to be more muslim -art

Question 34

what was religious about mali

Answer 34

-adopted islam -islam fused with animism -upper classes tended to be more muslim -art

Question 35

what was religious about songhay

Answer 35

-adopted islam -islam fused with animism -upper classes tended to be more muslim -art

Question 36

what was social about ghana

Answer 36

increased slavery

Question 37

what was social about mali

Answer 37

increased slavery

Question 38

what was social about songhay

Answer 38

increased slavery

Question 39

what was intellectual about ghana

Answer 39

nothing

Question 40

what was intellectual about mali

Answer 40

timbaktu became a center islamic culture and scholarship

Question 41

what was intellectual about songhay

Answer 41

nothing

Question 42

who remained important in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 42

griots

Question 43

what was traded along the trans saharan trade route in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 43

-main products were gold and salt -palm oil, bananas, and iron(from west africa) -cotton, cloth, wine, and wool(from north africa)

Question 44

analyze the effects of the trans saharan trade route in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 44

-islam made its may to west africa(sudanic states) -powerful states(ex. mali) emerged from the taxes collected from trade

Question 45

how did islam spread to north africa

Answer 45

conquest by the umayyads

Question 46

how did islam spread to west africa

Answer 46

trade with the berbers from north africa

Question 47

how did islam spread to east africa

Answer 47

conquest and trade with arabia

Question 48

how did islam spread to central and southern africa

Answer 48

no great influence, regions eventually became mostly christian

Question 49

did islamic civilizations in africa have social stratification

Answer 49

yes based on kinship(family ties)

Question 50

how did the influence of islam impact social stratification in african societies

Answer 50

islam led to increased levels of social stratification(more slavery, more wealth and wealthy elites, less equality)

Question 51

which region of africa was the first to convert to islam

Answer 51

north africa

Question 52

how did muslim society view slacery and how was the african slave trade affected by contact with the muslim world

Answer 52

-muslim society viewed slavery as a stage in the process to conversion but it wasn’t outlawed -under islamic control slavery increased in africa

Question 53

identify changes and continuities in west africa in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 53

continuities: trans saharan trade, strong bureaucracies, dependence on agriculture changes: adoption of islam, increased wealth, greater social stratification

Question 54

identify changes and continuities in east africa in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 54

continuities: indian ocean trade, heavy bantu influence, politically divided into city states and small kingdoms changes: fusion of islam with more traditional african cultures

Question 55

compare and contrast the spread of islam to west africa and south asia in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 55

similarities: islam spread mostly due to trade not warfare, people who adopted islam maintained much of their own culture differences: african cultural ideas did not influence muslim culture as greatly as india cultural ideas did(math, numerals, how they dress, hairstyles, food)

Question 56

compare and contrast the spread of islam to east africa and southeast asia in the period 600 ce to 1450 ce

Answer 56

similarity: islam spread primarily through the indian ocean trade network difference: -sufis did not play as great a role in the spread of islam to east africa but in the long term east africa did not adopt islam as fully as southeast asia(ethiopia and kush held on to their christian beliefs)