African Americans - General

Question 1

What factors should be considered when writing a question?

Answer 1

-Political
-Economic
-Social
-Fed Government
-Actions of AA’s
-Socio-economic change

Question 2

What was the 1965 Voting Rights Act?

Answer 2

Gave African Americans the right to vote

Question 3

What was the 1920 Harlem Renaissance?

Answer 3

A period where AA culture thrived

Question 4

What did 1954 Brown v Board do?

Answer 4

Ruled segregation in schools unconstitutional

Question 5

What did the 13th Amendment do?

Answer 5

Freed AA’s from slavery

Question 6

What did the 14th Amendment do?

Answer 6

Gave citizenship to AA’s and equality

Question 7

What was the 1866 Civil Rights Act?

Answer 7

It defined citizenship and ensured all that had it were equal and protected by the law

Question 8

What was the Great Migration?

Answer 8

When 1.5 million AA’s headed to the North during WW1 to leave the South

However 75% of AA’s still lived in the South due to sharecropping

Question 9

What was the NAACP (1909)?

Answer 9

The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

Question 10

What was the first Trade Union to allow AA’s?

Answer 10

Knights of Labour

Question 11

How did the New Deal benefit AA’s?

Answer 11

Supported AA industrial workers

Question 12

When did Truman desegregate armed forces?

Answer 12

1948. He did this through executive order. This also desegregated civil service.

Question 13

What period was Black Power?

Answer 13

1960s and 70s

Question 14

What was Affirmative Action?

Answer 14

Favouring individuals who faced discrimination

Question 15

What was the 1877 Hayes Compromise?

Answer 15

When the Republican Government gave up on supporting AA’s in favour of the economy

Question 16

Why did the New Deal not support AA’s?

Answer 16

Didn’t aid domestic or agricultural AA workers

Question 17

How many lynchings occurred between 1965-58?

Answer 17

400

Question 18

What was the 1991 Rodney King case?

Answer 18

Where an AA man Rodney King faced police brutality despite already being arrested. An uproar was caused when the officers were never punished.

Question 19

What was 1896 Plessy v Ferguson?

Answer 19

It called segregation ‘separate but equal’, making it easier for segregation to be justified

Question 20

What was the issues of armed forces being desegregated?

Answer 20

AA’s were put into the front lines and forced to search for traps during the Vietnam War

It also had to be done through executive order, which shows it wasn’t something the majority agreed on

Question 21

How did Black Power alienate white people?

Answer 21

It was very focused on uplifting AA’s rather than equality, which concerned some people.

Question 22

Who was Malcom X?

Answer 22

A Black Power activist who was far less peaceful than others

Question 23

What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act do?

Answer 23

Signed by Kennedy to end discrimination of the race and removed segregation laws

Question 24

What happened in 1957 Little Rock Nine?

Answer 24

After schools were desegregated, crowds blocked student entry for new AA students for a year

Question 25

Why were conditions in the North for AA's bad?

Answer 25

-Slums and ghettos -Discrimination and violence still

Question 26

How much bigger was the median income for white families over black families?

Answer 26

Black families income was 40% less

Question 27

What was de facto segregation?

Answer 27

The fact that even after segregation ended, the AA community still stuck to their own neighbourhoods and stayed separate to white folk

Question 28

What lead to a resurge in the KKK?

Answer 28

in 1915, the movie 'Birth of a Nation' released, which portrayed the KKK positively and AA's in a bad light

Question 29

What positive impact did the Reconstruction Era have on African Americans?

Answer 29

The creation of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments

Question 30

How should you answer a question like this? "The Second World War was the MOST important turning point in the development of AA Civil Rights"

Answer 30

In paragraphs you must always consider WW2 first in each theme before moving onto another TP Use Political, Economic, Social

Question 31

What happened in the 1992 LA Riots?

Answer 31

Following the Rodney King case were the officers went unpunished, people rioted leaving 50 dead, 2000 injuries and 1 billion in damages

Question 32

How many African American Senators were there by 1992?

Answer 32

17 In comparison to 1887 where there were none

Question 33

How did Eisenhower intervene at Little Rock Nine in 1957?

Answer 33

He sent 1000 US soldiers to remove the state soldiers who were blocking access to black students

Question 34

What were the 1955 Bus Boycotts?

Answer 34

Boycotts which began after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her bus seat

Question 35

Who was Marcus Garvey?

Answer 35

-An AA political leader from Jamaica who advocated for Black Nationalism, and believed AA's should fight back against oppression -He also believed in his 'Back to Africa' movement, which encouraged AA people to return to Africa instead of remain in the US. Obviously, this was very unpopular -Founded the UNIA and Black Star Line -

Question 36

What was the UNIA?

Answer 36

An association set up by Marcus Garvey which created businesses and institutes which were designed to uplift black people

Question 37

What was the Black Star Line?

Answer 37

A shipping company set up by Marcus Garvey that aimed at facilitating trade and transportation between Africa, the USA and the Carribean

Question 38

What positive consequences did Marcus Garvey have?

Answer 38

-Increased racial pride and unity -UNIA and it's impact (4 million members at its height) -Inspired later movements (and Malcom X's parents)

Question 39

What negative consequences did Marcus Garvey have?

Answer 39

-Collapse of the Black Star line due to mismanagement leads to legal troubles -Legal troubles with the US Government was a bad look -Controversial figure, criticised by W.E.B Dubois -Seen as autocratic, leading to other leaders distancing themselves from him -Failed to achieve any of his goals

Question 40

Who was W.E.B Du bois?

Answer 40

-An influential AA scholar who co-founded the NAACP -Believed that the "Talented Tenth" were essential to furthering AA education -Fought for Civil Rights and spoke out against Jim Crow laws

Question 41

What was important about W.E.B Du bois?

Answer 41

-Co-founded the NAACP -Key figure in the Pan-African movement -A model of intellectual leadership in the AA community -Had a lasting impact on AA studies and sociology -Pushed for immediate race equality -Wrote 'The Souls of Black Folk' in 1903 which became a key piece of AA literature

Question 42

What made W.E.B Du Bois less important?

Answer 42

-Had tension with other AA leaders -Isolated later in life after he left the US to live in Ghana in 1961 -Which led him to not being fully embraced by American society in later years -Internal conflicts within the NAACP -His belief in the "Talented Tenth" was seen as elitist

Question 43

Who was Booker T. Washington?

Answer 43

A key African American figure during the Gilded Age who improved AA education and used the 'racial accommodation' strategy to combat the age of racism and segregation Racial accommodation was basically accepting white supremacy and adapting to it, rather than immediately fighting back against it

Question 44

What evidence is there that Booker T. Washington was successful?

Answer 44

-Tuskegee Institute created opportunities for African Americans -Managed to get widespread support from white people -Secured a $600,000 donation to help support African Americans -First African American to ever get invited to the White House for a social visit

Question 45

What evidence is there that Booker T. Washington was less successful?

Answer 45

-Did not advocate for immediate civil rights -Racial accommodation lead to making less progress and alienated other AA leaders such as W.E.B. Du bois -Didn't advocate enough for equality, and his little impact is shown by the passing of Plessy v Ferguson in 1896

Question 46

Who was Philip Randolph?

Answer 46

A prominent AA labour leader who organised the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP), which gave black workers a strong union voice, used to improve working conditions and wages for AA railroad workers

Question 47

What evidence is there that Philip Randolph was successful?

Answer 47

-The BSCP secured agreements with the Pullman Company which established a 240 hour work month -Played a key role on the 1941 march on Washington which lead to FDR's Executive Order 8802 -Played in a key role of Truman's desegregation of armed forces and civil service

Question 48

What did FDR's Executive Order 8802 do?

Answer 48

Banned racial discrimination in defence industries and ensured fair employment practices

Question 49

What evidence is there that Philip Randolph was less successful?

Answer 49

-Limited in securing broader progress due to his focus on labour issues and economic empowerment -His approaches were often ignored, such as his role in the 1941 march on Washington -Had a very pragmatic and moderate stance which made it harder for him to push change when compared to other AA leaders such as MLK, Malcom X, etc

Question 50

What evidence is there that Martin Luther King was successful?

Answer 50

-His non-violent efforts lead to important achievements such as the 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act -Iconic speeches such as the "I have a dream" speech which is extremely famous, even today -Inspired nationwide support for racial equality and shifted public opinion to generally support African Americans, and praised internationally for his peaceful methods -His 1964 march on Washington had a diverse crowd of over 250,000 people

Question 51

What evidence is there that Martin Luther King was less successful?

Answer 51

-His push for peaceful efforts, while powerful, was sometimes limited due to the high levels of racism and and systemic racism -This lead to change being quite slow, and radical leaders criticised him due to wanting immediate change -His need to appeal to a wide majority meant that specific needs of African Americans had to be overshadowed by more mainstream solutions