AFRICAN AMERICANS GCSE

Question 1

when was the longest filibuster to prevent the civil rights bill

Answer 1

1957

Question 2

Who were the dixiecrats

Answer 2

white southern Democrats who opposed civil rights legislation

Question 3

how did the emmett till murder boost the CRM movement

Answer 3

emmett’s mother had an open casket showing the severity of the racism
made white people support the movement
miscarriage of justice

Question 4

which group took over the brown v topeka case when it was lost. and what year was it

Answer 4

NAACP - 1952

Question 5

when was the first case of the brown v topeka ruling

Answer 5

1951 - the case was lost

Question 6

when did the supreme Court rule that desegregation within education should happen

Answer 6

17th May 1954

Question 7

by 1957 what percentage of black Americans in the South were in mixed schools

Answer 7

3%

Question 8

by 1957 how many southern school districts were desegregated

Answer 8

750 out of 6300

Question 9

by 1968 how many black Americans in the South remained in segregated schools

Answer 9

58%

Question 10

how many people joined the WCC by 1956

Answer 10

250,000

Question 11

what did the WCC do to hinder the CRM movement

Answer 11

they campaigned for election of local politicians who were against desegregation
they raised money to make schools private to avoid desegregation

Question 12

in 1956 how did the southern States hinder the civil rights movement

Answer 12

they outlawed the NAACP and banned all its activities. Public employees werent allowed to be involved with groups that supported integration

Question 13

When was southern manifesto established

Answer 13

1956

Question 14

When was emmett till murdered

Answer 14

1955

Question 15

what group was put together as a result of brown v topeka and what year

Answer 15

WCC - white citizens council

Question 16

list 4 oppositions to the CRM

Answer 16

KKK, WCC, Congress & Emmett Till murder

Question 17

explain Little Rock’s stance of civil rights in 1956

Answer 17

they are moderate with desegregation however some people still don’t like the idea

Question 18

who was the student who was alone at the protest at Little Rock

Answer 18

Elizabeth eckford

Question 19

what does the governor of Little Rock do in September of 1958 and 1959

Answer 19

1958 - closes all schools in Little Rock to stop desegregation
1959 - he is forced to reopen schools

Question 20

list 3 reasons why Little Rock was significant

Answer 20

• The racial hatred of southern states were really highlighted as the rest of the country were intergrating
• the demonstration outside the school was seen all over the world (via the media). caused the country embarrassment as they had criticised communist countries
• black americans understood that they could not rely on the federal courts to secure change
• the president had to get involved

Question 21

what year and what university did James H Meredith want to enrol at

Answer 21

1962 - University of mississippi

Question 22

what year and what university did Vivian Malone want to enrol at

Answer 22

1963 - university of alabama

Question 23

who was the alabama governor who prevented black students from enrolling at the university of alabama

Answer 23

George Wallace

Question 24

what date did rosa parks refuse to give up her seat

Answer 24

thursday 1st december 1955

Question 25

when was rosa parks court appearance

Answer 25

monday 5th december 1955

Question 26

who arranged the montgomery bus boycott

Answer 26

Jo Ann Robinson

Question 27

when did the montgomery bus boycott start and end

Answer 27

5th Decemeber 1955 to 20th December 1956

Question 28

what group was created during the boycott and what did they do

Answer 28

MIA montgomery improvement association

Question 29

list 3 reasons how the bus boycott was maintained

Answer 29

- carpooling. police tried to intimidate drivers - black churches bought cars to transport people. people at pick up points were harrassed by police - black run taxi companies charged only 10 cents for rides. law was passed to make teh minimum charge 45 cents - they attacked leaders (mlk house was firebombed)

Question 30

how many people took part in the first day of the boycott

Answer 30

20,000

Question 31

how many people attended the rally on the first day of the boycott

Answer 31

7000

Question 32

what was the name of another girl who refused to give up her seat

Answer 32

Claudette Calvin

Question 33

what position did rosa parks have at the montgomery NAACP

Answer 33

Secretary

Question 34

what was signed by over 100 congressmen in 1956

Answer 34

Southern manifesto

Question 35

when did the supreme court rule that segregation is unconstitutional (transport)

Answer 35

13th nov 1956

Question 36

how did the boycott begin?

Answer 36

- MIA was created (montgomery improvement association) - they oversaw the maintenance of the boycott - protesting was limited to ending the policy of black people standing while white seats were vacant

Question 37

what happened on the 13th November 1956

Answer 37

the supreme court ruled segregation was unconstitutional on transport

Question 38

when was the SCLC set up

Answer 38

January 1957

Question 39

what was the SCLC set up to do?

Answer 39

- set up to seek justice and reject all injustice - they promoted non-violence regardless of the provocation - encouraged white americans to help their fellow black citizens to challenge racism - aimed to increase the number of black voters - force Eisenhower to speak out on civil rights

Question 40

what did the 1957 civil rights act do?

Answer 40

- the act emphasised the right of all people to vote regardless or race - it allowed the federal governement to intervene if individuals were prevented from voting - everyone could serve on juries

Question 41

who were the greensboro four? when did they begin?

Answer 41

- 4 black teenage students from a local college that held a sit in at the Greensboro branch of Woolworths - they sat at a whites only lunch counter until the shop closed - began 1st february 1960

Question 42

when did the woolworths counter give in?

Answer 42

25th july 1960 allowed black people to sit and eat mainly the economic effect - they lost so many sales so were forced to end desegregation

Question 43

how did the greensboro four effect the civil rights movement?

Answer 43

- inspired sit ins in 55 other cities and 13 states by March

Question 44

what was the SNCC?

Answer 44

students non-violent coordinating committee

Question 45

when and where was the SNCC formed?

Answer 45

- founded at shaw university in raleigh, north carolina in april 1960 - received a grant from the SCLS to establish itself

Question 46

how did SNCC chnage its focus in 1961?

Answer 46

may 1961 - they supported local efforts in voter registration as well as public accommodation desegregation

Question 47

what key events were SNCC involved in?

Answer 47

- sit ins - freedom rides - march on Washington - freedom summer

Question 48

when did the supreme court decide that all bus stations and terminls that served interstate travellers should be integrated?

Answer 48

december 1960

Question 49

when, who and why began the freedom rides?

Answer 49

james farmer & 12 volunteers 4th may 1961 CORE wanted to test the decisions of the supreme court's ruling with a freedom ride

Question 50

what happened on 14th may 1961 during the freedom rides?

Answer 50

bus is firebombed at anniston (alabama) and attacked by a mob

Question 51

what happened on 20th may 1961 during the freedom rides?

Answer 51

the riders were beaten by white racists who opposed the protests

Question 52

what happened on 24-25th may 1961 during the freedom rides?

Answer 52

- the riders were arrested at the bus station for sitting in a whites only section of the bus station - jackson

Question 53

what happened on 22nd september 1961 during the freedom rides?

Answer 53

no buses use bus stations that have segregation in place

Question 54

what was the albany movement?

Answer 54

- 1961 to 1962 - following the arrests of the freedom riders in albany - the albany movement was created to oppose segregation in the town - it was quite unsuccessful - segregation contiued

Question 55

what was the voter education project?

Answer 55

- a project to educate black americans on voting and registering - staffed by SNCC

Question 56

how were the freedom rides successful?

Answer 56

- met its goal - bus companies refused to use segregated bus stations - CORE membership doubled - 52000 by december - has a kncok on effect causing the albany movement

Question 57

how were the freedom rides unsuccessful?

Answer 57

- the riders were firebombed abused and harrassed on the way

Question 58

how was the albany movement successful?

Answer 58

there was a small increase in black americans registered to vote

Question 59

how was the albany movement unsuccessful?

Answer 59

- segregation continued - parks, swimming pools, schools

Question 60

how was the voter education project successful?

Answer 60

600,000+ new voter registrations

Question 61

how was the voter education project unsuccessful?

Answer 61

- new voter registrations but no ability to vote - SNCC members were subject to opposition - harrassment - black people felt betrayed as they thought kennedy would protect them from WCC and KKK