Aftermath of WWII and Beginning of the Cold War

Question 1

What are two ways that the wartime experiences of the US and the Soviet Union were greatly different?

Answer 1

1) The US were capitalists and Societs was a Dictatorship
2) The US ended WWII with 40,000 people dead while the Soviets ended with over 2 million dead

Question 2

What are 2 reasons why the Soviet Union distrusted the US after WWII?

Answer 2

1) The US refused to recognize the USSR until 1933
2) The US was the most powerful nation in the world

Question 3

The Soviet Union established a series of Communist “satellite” nations in Europe following WWII. What is a “satellite” nation?What was his goal in creating them?

Answer 3

An independent nation under the control of the more powerful nation. To guarantee security for the Soviet UNion against potential future security threats from the West.

Question 4

List some of these Communist “satellite nations:

Answer 4

Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany

Question 5

What was the geographic problem faced by free West Berlin throughout the Cold War?

Answer 5

Berlin was located far within Russia’s East Germany.

Question 6

This term refers to government by one or a few that exerts nearly total control over many aspects of people’s lives:

Answer 6

Communism

Question 7

Who owns the means of production in Capitalism?

Answer 7

People

Question 8

Who owns the means of production in Socialism/Communism?

Answer 8

Government

Question 9

What political system goes along with Capitalism?

Answer 9

Democratic

Question 10

What political system goes along with Socialism/Communism?

Answer 10

Totalitarian

Question 11

Goals of Capitalism?

Answer 11

Peace and Prosperity

Question 12

Goals of Socialism/Communism?

Answer 12

Protection from future attacks

Question 13

Distribution of Wealth in Capitalism?

Answer 13

Every individual has to work for himself to create wealth

Question 14

Distribution of Wealth in Socialism/Communism?

Answer 14

Wealth is distributed as per needs and ability

Question 15

What was the term used by Winston Churchhill to describe the seperation between free Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe?

Answer 15

Iron Curtain

Question 16

Why did the Soviet Union choose not to hold free elections in the countries it occupied during WWII?

Question 17

The idea that the US should supprt “free peoples who resist subjugation by outside pressures was known as the ________ Doctrine.

Answer 17

Truman Doctrine

Question 18

Which two countries recieved aid from the ______ Doctrine?

Answer 18

Greece and Turkey

Question 19

The US plan to provide economic aid to European nations following WWII was known as the _______ Plan.

Answer 19

Marshall Plan

Question 20

The term for the primary US strategy during the beginning of the Cold War, that of using steady pressure to prevent the Soviet Union and Communism from expanding was known as?

Answer 20

Containment

Question 21

Why did the Soviets want a “weak” and divided Germany following WWII?

Answer 21

So that it could not rise to its former strength to threaten European peace and security again

Question 22

The military alliance formed by the Western free nations following WWII was known as:

Answer 22

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question 23

That military alliance’s Communist counterpart in Eastern Europe was the:

Answer 23

Warsaw Pact

Question 24

Where is the headquarters of the United Nations?

Answer 24

New York

Question 25

List five permanent countries on the UN Security Council

Answer 25

1) France 2) United KIngdom 3) United States 4) Russia 5) People's Republic of China

Question 26

What is the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 26

The cutting off all land and river transit between West Berlin and West Germany

Question 27

How did the US supply West Berlin in 1948-1949 when the Soviets blocked road and railway transport to the city?

Answer 27

Airlifting food and fueal to Berlin from Alied airbases in Western Germany

Question 28

What precedent was set by the Nuremburg Trials?

Answer 28

all of humanity would be guarded by an international legal shield and that even a Head of State would be hel criminally responsible and unished for aggresion and Crimes Against Humanity

Question 29

Who was the US General in charge of the occupation of Japan?

Answer 29

Douglas MacArthur

Question 30

List three provisions of the new Japanese constitution put in place after WWII?

Answer 30

1) granted universal suffrage 2) stipulated a bill of rights 3) outlawed Japan's right to make war.

Question 31

Describe the role of the Japanese emperor following WWII:

Answer 31

Emperor Hirohito renounced the divinity of the emperor and signed a new constitution drafted by the occupying US forces

Question 32

In the Korean War, North Korea supported by:

Answer 32

China

Question 33

South Korea was supported by the United Nations, most of whoose tropps were provided by?

Answer 33

United States

Question 34

What event began the Korean War?

Answer 34

North Korea breaking the 38th parallel and invading South Korea

Question 35

Describe MacArthur's daring plan for turning the tide of the Korean war.

Answer 35

MacArther believed he had attack turn it in order to defeat North Korea against Truman's orders

Question 36

President Truman fired General MacArthur during the Korean War for insubordination after MacArthur argued to:

Answer 36

push further north toward China

Question 37

How did the Korean War end?

Answer 37

A Stalemate at the 38th parallel

Question 38

Why is the Korean War reffered to sometimes as the forgotten war?

Answer 38

The war was never actually finished with a traditional winner and loser so it has been forgotten

Question 39

How did US foreign policy change under the Eisenhower Administration?

Answer 39

Eisenhower spent more money on nuclear weapons instead of troops

Question 40

Explain the strategy of "mutually assured destruction" (aka massive retalliation):

Answer 40

The threatening to use force in response to aggression

Question 41

What is a disadvantage of usng "massive retalliation" as a primary military strategy?

Answer 41

Both sides will be destroyed

Question 42

Describe the Hungarian uprising of 1956:

Answer 42

University students appealed to the civil populace to join them at the Hungarian Parliament Building to protest aganst the USSR's geopolitical domination of Hungary

Question 43

What was the result of the Hungarian uprising?

Answer 43

Thousands were killed and wounded and nearly a quarter million Hungarians fled the country

Question 44

What was Sputnik?

Answer 44

The USSR's first satellite to go to space

Question 45

Why did Sputnik panic Americans?

Answer 45

USSR beat America in the space race

Question 46

What governments did the CIA help overthrow during the Eisenhower Years to help "fight communism"?

Answer 46

Iran and Guatemala

Question 47

Describe the Suez Crisis?

Answer 47

The Egyptian Governmant seized control of the SUez Canal from Britan and France

Question 48

How did the Suex Crisis affect the Cold War tensions between the US and the USSR?

Answer 48

damaged their relationship with the United States and nearly brought the Soviet Union into the conflict

Question 49

Explain the Eisenhower Doctrine?

Answer 49

US foreign policy promising military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country needing help in resisting communist aggression

Question 50

What are the "Duck and Cover" drills?

Answer 50

practice teaching children in schools how to protect thenmselves from a potential nuclear attack

Question 51

What was the purpose of the "Duck and Cover" drills?

Answer 51

So that if there was an attack everyone would be prepared

Question 52

What organization within the UN has the authority to punish aggressor nations?

Answer 52

The Security Council

Question 53

What was the U2 incident

Answer 53

An United States spy plane was shot down by soviet and the pilot was captured, Francis Gary Powers and the US didnt get him back until they traded a Soviet spy for him.