Unit 3: Third World Independence

Question 1

Coup d’etat

Answer 1

Forcible overthrow of a government

Question 2

Civil Disobedience

Answer 2

The refusal to obey unjust laws

Question 3

Imperialism

Answer 3

Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Question 4

Nationalism

Answer 4

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country

Question 5

Colonialism

Answer 5

The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people.

Question 6

Collectivism

Answer 6

The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it. the theory and practice of the ownership of land and the means of production by the people or the state.

Question 7

Communes

Answer 7

In communist China, a collective farm on which a great number of people work and live together

Question 8

Great Leap Forward

Answer 8

A Chinese Communist program from 1958 to 1960 to boost farm and industrial output that failed miserably

Question 9

Cultural Revolution

Answer 9

A Chinese Communist program in the late 1960s to purge China of non-revolutionary tendencies that caused economic and social damage.

Question 10

Partitition

Answer 10

A division into pieces
To divide (a country or territory) into separate, usually differing political entities.

Question 11

Non-Alignment

Answer 11

Political and diplomatic independence from both Cold War powers

Question 12

Indochina

Answer 12

a peninsula in SE Asia, between the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea, comprising Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, W Malaysia, and Burma (Myanmar).

Question 13

Zionism

Answer 13

A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Question 14

Mandate

Answer 14

Temporary control given over an area until it is capable of self-government

Question 15

Kibbutz

Answer 15

A collective farm in Israel

Question 16

List three reasons powerful nations obtain colonies

Answer 16

-political
-religious
-economic

Question 17

List two ways that WWII led to great changes that ultimately led to independence for many former colonies

Answer 17

• Colonial powers were no longer invulnerable
• New focus on anit-colonialism in international arenas

Question 18

Who was the leader of the Communists in the Chinese Civil War

Answer 18

Mao Zedong

Question 19

Who was the leader of the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War

Answer 19

Chiang Kai-shek

Question 20

Why did the Nationalists and the Communists cease fighting each other in 1937

Answer 20

to focus their energies and fight the Japanese in WWII

Question 21

To where did the Nationalist Chinese flee following their defeat by the Communists in 1949

Answer 21

Taiwan

Question 22

What is the official name for Communist China

Answer 22

People’s Republic of China

Question 23

List two reasons the Nationalist lost to the Communists in the CHinese Civil War

Answer 23

• Nationalist forces continued to be weakened from engagements with the Japanese
• Communist forces grew in size and support from the more rural parts of unoccupied China

Question 24

List two reasons the Communists won the Chinese Civil war

Answer 24

• Communists were able to mobilize a massive army of peasants with thier program of radical land reform
• began winning open battles against the KMT

Question 25

Who were the Red Guard and what role did they play in the Cultural Revolution

Answer 25

They were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Mao Zedong; They set the Cultural Revolution into motion

Question 26

What was the Great Leap Forward and why did it fail

Answer 26

It was an attempt to convert small family farms to urbanized communes while simultaneously urging them into industrial production and away from agricuture; It caused the deadliest famine in the history of China with 45 million people dead

Question 27

What was the goal of the Chinese Cultural Revolution

Answer 27

Purge China of Bourgeois (middle class) tendencies

Question 28

Who was Mohndas Gandhi and what protest strategy did he use against British rule in India

Answer 28

organized Indian resistance, fought anti-Indian legislation in the courts and led large protests against the colonial government called Civil Disobedience

Question 29

What event caused Indians to turn into revolutionaries and nationalist and demand independence from Great Britian

Answer 29

1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Question 30

Conflict between what two major religious groups led to the partition of India in 1947

Answer 30

Muslims and Hindus

Question 31

When India was partition in 1947 it was split into the ___ dominated India and the Muslim dominated ____

Answer 31

Hindu; Pakistan

Question 32

Who was the first prime minister of India

Answer 32

Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 32

Africa touches what two oceans

Answer 32

Atlantic and Indian

Question 32

During the Indian partition, they both fought over the region of ____. Conflicting claims over this region have led to much tension and bloodshed between these two nations.

Answer 32

Kashmir

Question 33

What large Central African country was once a colony of Belgium

Answer 33

Democratic Republic of Congo

Question 34

What two European nations had the largest colonial empires in Africa prior to WWI

Answer 34

Britian and France

Question 35

What are some of the natural resources in Africa that drew interest from colonizing nations

Answer 35

rubber, timber, diamonds and gold

Question 36

What is the term from pride and devotion to one's country and what changes did we see as a result of this

Answer 36

Nationalism; inspire people to break free of a foreign oppressor

Question 37

What was the first sub-Saharan country to gain independence

Answer 37

Ghana

Question 38

Define Zionism

Answer 38

a nationalist movement that emerged in the 19th century to enable the establishment of a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine

Question 39

What is the term for the temporary control granted to a country over an area until that area is capable of self government

Answer 39

Mandate

Question 40

What is the name of the holy city at the center of conflict in Palestine

Answer 40

Jerusalem

Question 41

Following WWII the United Nations partitioned Palestine into seperate ____ and ____ states.

Answer 41

Palestinian Arab; Jewish

Question 42

What happened one day after the Jews in Palestine proclaimed Israel to be a new country

Answer 42

The countries around all invaded

Question 43

Explain the Palestinian Arab refugee problem

Answer 43

Descendants who that were either expelled or fled from their country relocate to Palestinian states but there is not enough room for them

Question 44

What was the Israeli Kibbutz system

Answer 44

a community where people voluntarily live and work together on a noncompetitive basis