Ag And Indus Rev New Flashcards
(30 cards)
Population changes nobility
Gained power through enclosure acts in Great Britain
Caused the, to be more in control
Population changes poor
Great hunger in Ireland killed two million and two million emigrated to England/US
Less farming land, many had to turn to industrial jobs in cities
Land taken away through enclosure acts —> homeless, unemployed
Burden on church because they felt the need to help them
Standard of living changes rural and urban
Urban provided job opportunities and a chance for upward mobility but had poor living conditions
Not enough jobs for everyone, still many poor in the cities
Women and children cheaper to employ —> many unemployed men, gin alley and alcoholism
80% wealth controlled by top 10%
Standard of life changes
Increased due to better diet, transportation improvements, decline of plague, end of ice age, medical improvements
Peasant food
Bread, potato, maize/corn
Changes in family life and child rearing
New factories employed entire families to work for them instead of having a family business at home
Children received more attention; stores filled with toys and children’s clothes emerged
Mothers grew more attached to their children because death rates decreased
But still largely limited to wealthier; many poor resorted to infanticide or child abandonment
Agricultural revolution
Potato famine
Jethro tull
End to open field system
New crops from new worlds (listed before, also turnips and cloves to replenish soil)
Livestock healthier and more abundant
Countries under European control encouraged to export raw goods and import Europe’s finished goods
Jethro tull
Seed drill and hoe
Why Great Britain as place to start industrial revolution
Puddling, cotton manufacturing, stable laissez-faire government, crystal palace, colonies, stable credit institutions, Protestants, laws restricting artisans from leaving country
Puddling
New form of iron manufacturing, higher quality iron, could make a lot, better
Why stable government good
Parliament passes laws favorable to business
Why colonies good
Providing raw material
Why Protestants good
They were excluded from many positions so they gravitated towards jobs in commerce
Why laws restricting artisans good
Artisans can’t leave country and sell inventions to other countries
Railroads
Imperative for countries because needed to transport goods over large land mass, especially in US, in Europe used to expand trade, luxury, travel
Cotton gin
Gets rid of the seeds in cotton quicker
Spinning Jenny
James Hargrave, spins cotton faster
Water frame spinning machine
Uses water power to spin stuff quickly
Power loom
1785, Cartwright, drove many handbook weavers out of business
Mule
1780, Compton, combined the mechanical principles of the jenny and the water frame to create the spinning mule
Sped up weaving
Factories
Main labor was women and children, men tended to go west
Replaced the cottage industry/putting-out system as demand rose
Main source of labor in factories
Peasants who lost farming land due to the enclosure acts
Ten hours act
Passed to reduce Labor Day for children and women
Angry privileged men
Required higher wages, not preferable source of labor, resorted to gin alley (spending money on alcohol)
