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History > Age Of Exploration > Flashcards

Age Of Exploration Flashcards

1
Q

Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th century sailing innovations?

A

Portugal

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2
Q

How did Prince Henry of Portugal influence exploration?

A

Portuguese royalty who brought together map makers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation
He also sponsored many explorations into the Atlantic and down the African coast

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3
Q

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain?

A

It was a compromise between Spain and Portugal which agreed to move the line of demarcation further west. It was moved because Portugal felt like they had received no land to claim

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4
Q

Bartolomeu Dias captained the first European ship to sail what route?

A

The southern tip of Africa, called The Cape of Good Hope

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5
Q

What did Vasco da Gama succeed in gaining for Portugal?

A

He was the first to find an oceanic trading route to India and to establish an empire in Asia and Africa

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6
Q

The Line of Demarcation established a boundary between which two regions?

A

Portugal and Spain

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7
Q

Who conquered the Aztec empire?

A

Hernan Cortes/ Spanish.

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8
Q

As part of the Columbian Exchange, which of the following was carried west across the Atlantic to the Americas?

A

Wheat, grapes, livestock, and horses

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9
Q

Which city was originally founded as a settlement by the Dutch?

A

New Amsterdam, New York.

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10
Q

Name the four reasons that the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztecs?

A
  1. The Aztecs had never seen horses and they feared them.
  2. The conquistadors brought diseases like smallpox.
  3. The Spanish had guns and cannons/ better weapons than the Aztecs.
  4. Cortes recruited the natives to fight and spy for him.
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11
Q

What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease?

A

A labor shortage

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12
Q

How did Bartolemé de Las Casas affect race relations in the Americas?

A

He urged for better treatment of native Americans

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13
Q

According to the balance of trade, how could a nation increase its wealth?

A

It could sell more goods than they buy from other countries

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14
Q

Where did Christopher Columbus believe that he had landed?

A

On islands off the coast of India

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15
Q

Why was it difficult to keep a candle lit in the cargo hold?

A

Lack of oxygen

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16
Q

Columbus promised gold to the first sailor to see land in order to prevent what from happening?

A

From ruining his personal discovery of finding land himself

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17
Q

What was the name of the native girl who helped Cortes?

A

Malinali (La Malinche)

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18
Q

How were sharks affected by all of the people thrown over the side of the slave ships?

A

The sharks changed their feeding habitats to follow the oceanic trade routes

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19
Q

What did Bartholomeu Dias sail around?

A

The Southern tip of Africa (The Cape of Good Hope.)

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20
Q

How did Prince Henry the Navigator get his nickname?

A

Because he was the one who brought together map makers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation

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21
Q

What is the term describing the practice of overfilling a slave ship with captives?

A

Tight pack

22
Q

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A

The transfer of products from continent to continent

23
Q

What did Ferdinand Magellan attempt to do?

A

Explore the South American coast

24
Q

What role did African society play in the Atlantic Slave Trade?

A

They raided for slaves and acted as middlemen with European and Arab purchasers

25
Q

What three things motivated the Spanish Conquistador?

A

1.God
2.Glory
3.Gold

26
Q

How does a joint-stock company work?

A

It sells stock, or shares enabling large and small investors to share the profits and risks of a trading voyage

27
Q

The “New World” was renamed after which explorer?

A

Amerigo Vespucci

28
Q

What is the Middle passage?

A

The segment of travel between Africa and the Americas

29
Q

Who introduced the grid system to map making?

A

Ptolemy

30
Q

Which culture invented the magnetic compass?

A

Chinese

31
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

The theory that a state’s power depended on its wealth

32
Q

What was the name of the first permanent English settlement in North America?

A

Jamestown, Virginia

33
Q

What was the main cause of the decrease of the native population in the Americas?

A

Disease

34
Q

Which explorer was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa to India?

A

Vasco da Gama

35
Q

Name the first European country to explore the Atlantic Ocean in search of a sea route to Asia.

A

Portugal

36
Q

Who conquered Atahualpa and the Inca Empire?

A

Francisco Pizarro

37
Q

Which early European explorer is the first to sail around the southern tip of South America?

A

Ferdinand Magellan

38
Q

Who inspired the Age of Exploration by recruiting sailors to search for a water route to the eastern spice trade areas?

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

39
Q

Which early European explorer was the first to see the Pacific Ocean and name it the South Sea?

A

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

40
Q

Name three improvements to navigation during the early Age of Exploration.

A
  1. Lateen sails
  2. Magnetic compass
  3. Astrolabe
41
Q

During the Atlantic Slave trade, which group made up the majority of kidnapped African individuals?

A

Men

42
Q

How did the Atlantic Slave Trade lead to a racist view of the African people by the Europeans?

A

Europeans now only saw Africans as “laborers” and no longer as people.

43
Q

What would the kidnapped Africans do to avoid being taken to the Americas on a slave ship?

A

They would jump off the ship or starve themselves

44
Q

Name three ways that kidnapped Africans were treated by their captors.

A

1.chained together.
2.tortured and unrightly punished.
3.living in unhealthy conditions.

45
Q

What was African society like before the start of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

A

Good, with city-states each with their own language and culture

46
Q

Name three ways that the African Slave Trade negatively impacted African society.

A

1.created an atmosphere of violence.
2.depopulation.
3.no economic or agricultural development.

47
Q

Name three ways that Malinali helped Cortes.

A

1.interpreter.
2.advisor.
3.translator.

48
Q

Name three ways that women were treated on the slave ship.

A

1.abused by captors.
2.could walk freely on the ship.(not chained)
3.sometimes breaded and left with their children.

49
Q

When was a slave “mutiny” most likely to take place during the Middle Passage?

A

When they were unchained and temporarily free

50
Q

What happened to the enslaved Africans after they arrived in the New World?

A

They were either given directly to planters or were put into auctions

History (11 decks)

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