Ageing Flashcards

1
Q

5 domains of the comprehensive geriatric assessment

A
  1. Medical
  2. Psychological
  3. Functional
  4. Social
  5. Spiritual
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2
Q

Tools for measuring frailty

A

Rockwood Score

  • count no. of body systems
  • count how many have a deficit
  • deficits/no. of systems

Fried Score

  • unintentional wt loss
  • slow walking speed
  • low grip strength
  • low physical activity
  • self-reported exhaustion
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3
Q

sarcopenia definition

A

progressive and generalised loss of muscle mass and function related to age

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4
Q

sarcopenia obesity definition

A

loss of muscle with increased fat

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5
Q

5 symptoms of dying

A
  1. pain
  2. breathlessness
  3. n +v
  4. agitation
  5. secretions
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6
Q

Mx of pain in dying

A

morphine

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7
Q

Mx of breathlessness in dying

A

morphine

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8
Q

Mx of n + v in dying

A

haloperidol (chemical induced n+v)

metoclopramide (stimulates gut)

levomopromazine (broad spec)

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9
Q

Mx of agitation in dying

A

midazolam

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10
Q

Mx of secretions in dying

A

buscopan

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11
Q

confusion assessment method

A
  1. acute onset + fluctuating course

AND

  1. inattention

AND EITHER OF

  1. disorganised thinking

OR

  1. altered level of consciousness
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12
Q

gold standard for diagnosing delirium

A

4AT score

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13
Q

components of the 4AT score

A
  1. Alertness
  2. AMT4 (age, DOB, place, current year)
  3. Attention (months backwards)
  4. Acute change or fluctuating course

4 or more = potential delirium

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14
Q

drugs causing delirium

A
sedatives
hypnotics
anti-depressants
drugs with anti-cholinergic effects: 
codeine, digoxin, furosemide, oxybutinin
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15
Q

Drug Mx of delirium

A

haloperidol

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16
Q

Drug Mx of delirium in Parkinson’s/LBD

A

Quetiapine

17
Q

Mx of delirium if caused by alcohol or BZD withdrawal

A

Lorazepam

18
Q

Drugs causing falls

A

vasodilating drugs (amlodipine, perindopril, tamsulosin)

topical beta blockers

digoxin

19
Q

what disease do NSAIDs worsen

A

CHF

20
Q

what disease do TZD’s worsen

A

CHF

21
Q

what disease do anticholinergics worsen

A

BPH - can cause urinary retention

22
Q

what group of drugs worsen constipation

A

CCBs

23
Q

what drugs lower seizure threshold

A

neuroleptics
tramadol
quinolones

24
Q

what drugs worsen asthma and shouldnt be given

A

b-blockers

25
Q

aspirin + NSAIDs interaction

A

increase bleeding risk

26
Q

warfarin + clarithromycin interaction

A

clarithromycin increases the anticoagulation effect of warfarin

27
Q

statin and clarithromycin interaction

A

clarithromycin increases the effect of the stain, increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis

28
Q

donepezil + atenolol interaction

A

hypotension

29
Q

Tx constipation if stimulation is the issue

A

senna

30
Q

Tx constipation if hard stool is the isssue

A

laxido + lactulose

31
Q

what food does metronidazole interact with

A

alcohol

32
Q

what foods does warfarin interact with

A

leafy veg
broccoli
cranberry

33
Q

what drugs interact with K rich foods (e.g. bananas)

A

ACEi
ARBs
K sparing diuretics (spironolactone)

34
Q

what food do statins interact with

A

grapefruit juice

35
Q

what drugs interact with chicken, turkey, milk, soy and cheese

A

digoxin

diuretics

36
Q

drugs with tremor as a s/e

A

salbutamol
lithium
sodium valproate
clonazepam