Ageing Process

Question 1

what us frialty

Answer 1

loss of homeostasis and resilience

decompensate more after stressor event

Question 2

what are frail people more at risk of

Answer 2

falls
delirium
disability

Question 3

describe the phenotypic/fried score of fralty

Answer 3

1 point each

unintentional weight loss
low grip strength
slow walking speed
self reported exhaustion
decreased physical activity

0- not frail
1-2 - prefrail
3 or more - frail

Question 4

what happens to telomeres with age

Answer 4

shorten

Question 5

where is the loss of strength progressing quicker

Answer 5

lower limbs quicker than upper

Question 6

what happen to skeletal muscle as we age

Answer 6

decrease muscle mass

each unit of muscle therefore has to support and move a greater proportion of the body

Question 7

give an example of isometric measurement of muscle strenght

Answer 7

grip strength - this is a direct way of measuring musle strength

Question 8

what is an indirect way of measuring quadriceps muscle strength

Answer 8

sit to stand test

Question 9

which gender is more prone to postural sway

Answer 9

women - probably due to body weight to muscle mass ratio

Question 10

what drugs are associated with increased sway in elderly

Answer 10

sedatives
antidepressants
opiods
anticholinergics

Question 11

who is more likely to fall

Answer 11

women

cognitive impairment

Question 12

diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Answer 12

dix hallpike

Question 13

treatment of BPPV

Answer 13

epley manoevre

Question 14

assessment of balance

Answer 14

berg balance test

Question 15

assessment of gait and balance

Answer 15

tinetti score - POMA - performance orientated mobility assessment

Question 16

which subtype of delirium has greater mortality

Answer 16

hypoactive

Question 17

describe 4AT

Answer 17

acute
attention - count months backward
AMT4 - age, dob, place, year
alertness

Question 18

define a syringe driver

Answer 18

continuous subcut infusion used in palliative care

Question 19

how many medications can be mixed in a syringe driver

Answer 19

3

Question 20

how often are syringe drivers changed

Answer 20

24 hours

Question 21

drug used for sob in palliation

Answer 21

morphine

Question 22

drug used for resp secretions

Answer 22

buscopan

Question 23

main components of a comprehensive geriatric assessment

Answer 23

medical
psychological
functioning
social

Question 24

define sarcopenia

Answer 24

age related loss of muscle mass AND function

Question 25

criteria for sarcopenia

Answer 25

``` must have: low muscle mass + low muscle strength or low physical performance ```

Question 26

when does muscle mass start to decline

Answer 26

30 yrs - accelerates at 60 years

Question 27

what drug can improve muscle function in elderly

Answer 27

ACE inhibitors

Question 28

activites of daily living scales

Answer 28

barthel index | functional independence measure