Ageing - Week 25 Flashcards
What are general changes of ageing?
Loss of height
Loss of fat free and lean body mass
Gain and redistribution of adipose tissue
Four examples of sun damage?
Solar elastosis
Solar lentigines - dark spots that appear with age
Melama
Actinic keratoses - rough scaly area of skin
What vitamin deficiency can occur from UV light?
Vitamin A
What MSK changes occurs in ageing?
Sarcopenia (inactivity, loss of motor neuron function)
How does cardiovascular system change when we age?
Stiffening and widening of large arteries
Postural hypertension
Reduced ability to contract and dilate smaller arteries
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
CAD
How does the respiratory system change in ageing?
Intercostal and diaphragm muscles weaken
Lung tissue is less elastic
Reduced ciliary function
Impaired ventilation
How does the GI system as we age?
Reduced absorption
Reduced mucus secretion
Reduced motility
Reduced hepatocytes
CONSTIPATION
How does the genitourinary system change as we age?
GFR decrease (important for drug clearance)
Reduced ability to postpone bladder voiding
Cannot completely void
Prostatic hypertrophy
What hearing and sight issues occur as we age?
Presbyopia - focal point is beyond retina
Prebyacusis
How do free radicals cause ageing damage?
Unstable and highly reactive
Reactive oxygen species
Formed during cellular reactions
How can oxygen species damage us and cause aging?
Formation of ROS can cause nuclear dna damage which leads to apoptosis and causing ageing
What two processes are thought to allow longevity of ageing?
Fasting and calorie restriction
What is gene theory in ageing?
Telomeres shorten in cell division and cell division stops when telomeres reach a shortened length
Shorter length is associated with increased disease risk
What is the homeostatic theory of ageing?
Cortisol increased during stress and can cause hypothalamus damage
Loss of fine hormonal control
