Aggression

Question 1

Definition of aggression

Answer 1

intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behaviour

Question 2

Definition of assertion

Answer 2

well-motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 3

What are the 4 theories of aggression?

Answer 3

1. Instinct theory
2. The Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis
3. The Aggression cue hypothesis
4. Social learning theory

Question 4

What is the Instinct Theory?

Answer 4

• Aggression is spontaneous and innate.
• It’s a product of our evolution and will surface under provocation.
• Defending territory.
• Players use sport as an outlet for built-up aggression energy (catharsis).

Question 5

What is the The Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis?

Answer 5

• Aggression is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause our goals to be blocked.
• Blocked goals causes frustration –> aggression.
• Drive –> Obstacle –> Frustration –> Aggression

Question 6

What is the Aggression cue hypothesis?

Answer 6

• Aggression is caused by a learned trigger.
• Only occurs if ‘cues’ are present.
• Pre-learned cues trigger aggressive response.

Question 7

What is the Social Learning Theory?

Answer 7

• Aggression is learned from experience (coach, role model).
• Aggressive behaviour will be copied if reinforced.
• Bandura suggest children will copy aggressive behaviour of adults.

Question 8

Ways to prevent aggression

Answer 8

• don’t reinforce aggressive acts in training
• punish players with fines, sub them
• mental rehearsal reduces arousal = teach cognitive techniques
• teach stress management
• set goals on performance not outcome
• apply rules consistently + fairly
• walk away
• point out responsibilities
• non-aggressive goals
• highlight non-aggressive role models
• channel aggression into assertion