Aggression

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behaviour

Question 2

When aggressive we are …

Answer 2

■ Uncontrolled
■ Intent to harm
■ Outside rules
■ Reactive

Question 3

Assertion

Answer 3

Well- motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 4

When assertive we are …

Answer 4

• Controlled
• No intent to harm
• Within rules
• Motivated

Question 5

Instinct theory

Answer 5

Aggression is spontaneous and innate

■ The aggressive response is innate.
■ It is a product of our evolution and will surface under provocation. Defending territory. Home pitch!
■ Players use sport as an outlet for built-up aggressive energy. Catharsis.

Question 6

Catharsis

Answer 6

Cleansing the emotions using sports as an outlet for agrression

Question 7

The frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 7

The F-A hypothesis
■ Aggression is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause our goals to be blocked, e.g. a referee’s decision, poor play or being fouled.
■ Blocked Goal causes Frustration, Frustration causes Aggression, Release of Aggression causes Catharsis if not released increased further Frustration is felt

Question 8

The aggression cue hypothesis

Answer 8

• Suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger

Question 9

Social learning theory

Answer 9

■ Aggression is learned from experience, coaches, role models and significant others.
■ Aggressive behaviour will be copied if it is reinforced, e.g. a basketball player sees her team captain foul an opponent she is marking closely and the opposing player is put off her game.
■ Bandura suggested that children will copy the aggressive behaviour of adults, especially in a live situation.

Question 10

How do we Prevent Aggression

Answer 10

■ Don’t reinforce aggressive acts in training
■ Punishing players with fines, sub them
■ Sending players off
■ Mental rehearsal reduces arousal- Teach cognitive techniques, e.g. imagery
■ Teach relaxation, stress management, calming players down
■ Set goals on performance not outcome
■ Reinforce assertion in training
■ Applying the rules consistently and fairly (fair play awards)
■ Pointing out responsibilities to the team
■ Walking away from the situation
■ Applying sanctions immediately
■ Non aggressive goals
■ Highlight non aggressive role models
■ Channel aggression into Assertion