Aggression Flashcards

Question

what is deindividuation and why do people behave abnormally in groups?

Answer 1

Deindividuation- individual looses awareness of themselves as an individual Festinger claim people obtain a release and behave in abnormal ways when in groups as they are freer from restraints.

Answer 2

Zimbardo- deindividuation more likely when group is larger Anonymity- being anonymous= feel less responsible for actions Social arousal- arousal of the situation Decreased self-awareness- not thinking of own actions but fulfilling role in group Diffusion of reposibility- not individually responsible, all members of group share blame.

Answer 3

+: supporting of anonymity- p's tried to find as many uses for a brick, either identified by name or anonymous on answer sheet. No. of socially acceptable/ unacceptable answers measured. P's that were identified had more socially acceptable answers. +: supporting evidence- female undergrads gave electric shocks to another student. Half of students were deindividuated (anonymus- wore hoods to cover face). Other half individuated = normal clothes and nametag. Found deindividuated group pressed shock for twice as long. When p’s saw pleasent/obnoxious person individuated= shocked obnoxious more -: demand characteristics- p's clothing looks like KKK, may have led p’s to behave like KKK acting under demand chracteristics. When p’s wore surgical masks, they recieved less shock. Clothing rather than deindividuation -: demand characteristics not deindividuation- zambardo study result of demand characteristics rather than deindividuation. One gaurd said he based performance on cool hand luke

Answer 4

frustration always leads to aggression (physical/fantasy). Frustration is felt when we are stopped from gaining what we want. Aggression is cathartic as we feel a release making us feel better.

Answer 5

-risk of punishment -the cause is abstract -the cause of frustration isn't available at the time

Answer 6

cant retaliate, thus, we displace it onto something else

Answer 7

-male uni students did a jigsaw -levels of frustration manipulated 1.imposiible puzzle 2.run out of time due to interruption 3.p’s insulted for failure Control- normal jigsaw/conditions -p given opportunity to shock confederate when they made mistakes f- all groups gave higher shock than control- insulted p’s gave highest shock

Answer 8

Deprivation model- behaviour due to environment people are placed in. Deprivation of resources causes aggression

Answer 9

-over-crowding- higher rates of murder/ assault due to overcrowding - heat and noise- leads to raised tempers. Students in hot rooms with high pop. Density= negative emotion -job burnout- staff= care less= higher violence to prisoners

Answer 10

+: support- homicides of 35 inmates were over drugs and personal possesions. Environment= aggression -: contradiction- no link between conjugal visits and reduced aggression. Contradicts that deprivation from relationship increases aggression. However other env. Factors may be more important.

Answer 11

Importation model- personality rather than situation. Personality imported into prison leads to aggression.

Answer 12

pre-prison gang members more likely to commit aggressive misconduct in prisons.

Answer 13

+: support- 561 male inmates matched on criminal history. ½ in low security prison, ½ in high security prison. 33% in low security prison and 36% in high security prison committed aggressive misconduct in 2 years. Personality rather than environment. -: contradiction- reduction- simplifies prison aggression to personalities. Ignoring role of poor management (unofficial rules, weak leaders). Dispositional fa ctors not as important as first suggested.

Answer 14

you see violence in the media so much and it becomes normalised, thus less physiological response. It is psychological too; repeated exposure to violent media= belief that violence for resolving conflict is socially acceptable.

Answer 15

-Compared p’s who were habitual viewers of violent media to those who weren't. -showed violent/non-violent film clips and measured physiological arousal using skin conductance. -found frequent viewers= less arousal and reported high pleasant arousal. -p’s who scored lower levels of arousal= more likely to show unprovoked aggression in a noise blast task -thus, watching violence seems to desensitize people, making aggression more likely

Answer 16

We become inhibited to aggression as we view it as antisocial and harmful, we learn it (slt) -however after viewing violent media, inhibitions are loosened as it is seen as normal and unpunished in this case

Answer 17

showed p’s film of boxing match. One ending= no consequence. Other= the loser died. P's shown first ending= more likely to be aggressive after fight.

Answer 18

-constant exposure to violent media provides them with a scipt of how violent situations will play out. This is stored in our memory for when we encounter an aggressive situation when male p’s listened to aggressive lyrics towards women they acted mpre aggressively to a female confederate. Similar results when females listend to ‘male-hating’ lyrics

Answer 19

Undergrads shown 15 min clip of violent/ non- violent film. P's took part in reaction time task pressing key when aggressive/non- aggressive words flashed on screen. P's watching aggressive film had faster reaction to aggressive words.

Answer 20

+: real world application- desensitization helped military understand troops are more effective in combat if desensitized to horrors of war. Can also help to explain bystander effect -: younger people may be easily influenced by aggression as they dont consider consequences as much -reductionist- suggest that exposure to media violence will lead to aggression, ignoring free will