Aggression 2 Flashcards
(42 cards)
Factors that are endemic/found in a particular environment that may lead to some sort of behaviours are known as…?
Situational variables
What situational variables lead to increased aggression? List 3
1) Alcohol
2) Song Lyrics
3) Heat
Define Situational variables
Factors that are endemic/found in a particular environment that may lead to some sort of behaviours
Research consistently shows the peak time for violent offending is (………….) and the peak location is in and around (…………..)
- Weekend nights
- Pubs and clubs
Does alcohol affect aggressive behaviour?
Yes
Approximately, (…..)% of violent offenders had been drinking alcohol before committing their crimes (Murdoch, Phil, & Ross, 1990)
a. 50%
b. 70%
c. 80%
d. 90%
c. 80%
Does alcohol cause aggressive behaviour?
No
Studies have only provided correlational results, not causal
Describe an experimental test (causal link study) of the alcohol-aggression link
1) Randomly allocate participants to 2 conditions and compare the delivery of unpleasant/aversive stimuli.
Group 1 = Alcohol condition
Group 2 = Non-alcohol condition (placebo)
2) Results = show a causal link between alcohol intake and aggression
In an experimental test investigating the link between alcohol and aggression, why do we include a placebo (non-alcohol group instead of giving Ps water)?
Providing a placebo instead of water allows for the control of:
1) Psychological effect = making people believe that they’re drinking alcohol so that Ps don’t behave in a certain way based on what they’re drinking
e.g. Ps who drink water may purposely act aggressively because they know what they study is measuring and are trying to manipulate the result
2) Pharmacological effect = making sure that half of the participants get ethanol and the other half don’t
In an experimental test investigating the link between alcohol and aggression, why do we include a placebo (non-alcohol group instead of giving Ps water)?
Providing a placebo instead of water allows for the control of:
1) Psychological effect = making people believe that they’re drinking alcohol so that Ps don’t behave in a certain way based on what they’re drinking
e.g. Ps who drink water may purposely act aggressively because they know what they study is measuring and are trying to manipulate the result
2) Pharmacological effect = making sure that half of the participants get ethanol and the other half don’t
The alcohol-aggression link is highest for people who show (high/low) levels of:
- dispositional aggressivity
- irritability
- hostile rumination style
High levels
The alcohol-aggression link is highest for people who show (high/low) levels of:
- anger control
- self-control, empathy
- executive cognitive functioning (people who find it difficult to self-reflect and think about the consequences of their actions)
Low levels
Why does being grounded in the moment feel pleasant and reduce aggression?
Because it stops the rumination of past negative experiences or worries about the future
What happens when you consume alcohol (ethanol)?
Experience alcohol myopia (a narrowing of cognitive or intellectual focus)
What is alcohol myopia?
When you consume alcohol, your cognitive or intellectual focus tends to narrow/get blurry
What are the effects of alcohol myopia? Name 4 effects
1) Decreases self-regulation
2) Reduces anticipatory regret
3) Increases reactivity
4) Sensitive to the immediate environmental cues
A decrease in self-regulation is an effect of alcohol myopia. What does a decrease in self-regulation mean?
When one’s ability to control their emotions is limited after alcohol consumption compared to when they were sober
A reduction in anticipatory regret is an effect of alcohol myopia. What does a reduction in anticipatory regret mean?
People are less likely to think about the consequences of their own actions when they’re infused with alcohol
People are less likely to think about the consequences of their own actions when they’re infused with alcohol
This is known as…?
A reduction in anticipatory regret
When one’s ability to control their emotions is limited after alcohol consumption compared to when they were sober
This is known as…?
A decrease in self-regulation
What does alcohol myopia prevent?
A comprehensive appraisal of situational cues.
Simply = The ability to clearly understand situational cues and control your actions
Intoxicated ppl are more likely to (……….) what someone is saying or to respond aggressively to provocation
a. misinterpret
b. understand
c. sing
d. repeat
a. misinterpret
Who proposed the study on the effects of misogynistic music on behaviour?
Fischer & Greitemeyer
Describe Fischer & Greitemeyer’s study investigating the effects of misogynistic music on behaviour
1) Male and female participants were recruited
2) In study 1, participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups
Group 1 = Listened to a misogynistic, aggressive song (Eminen’s Superman)
Group 2 = Listened to a neutral song of the same genre/style (Bon Jovis’ It’s My Life)
3) Ps were asked to rate the song they heard on various dimensions
4) Next, a confederate (fake participant) entered the room. Half the time confederate was male, half the time female
5) Confederate explained that they liked sweet but not hot chilli and then left the room
6) Ps were told to create a sample of sauce for the other confederate and that they could choose whether to add either sweet or hot chilli sauce and that they could choose the amount of sauce
