Aggression Flashcards
What are the different types of aggression?
Instrumental and emotional
What is instrumental aggression?
Rational and calculated
What is emotional aggression?
Reactive and impulsive
Where does Freud argue human aggressions stem from?
Tensions build up between life and death instinct and the pressure is displaced onto other people
What is thanatos
a death instinct.
What did Lorenz think aggression stemed from?
a ‘fighting instinct’. Evolutionary pressures so it is encoded in our genetic makeup
What is a criticism of evolutionary psychology explaining aggression?
Humans are aggressive because theyre aggressive??
circular argument
What did Buss and Dedden examine?
Patterns of intra-sexual aggression
What did Buss and Dudden find?
Women are gossipy about other women and men dominant aggression over a weaker man
What did Bandura’s Bobo study find?
Aggression can be learnt indirectly
What did Lievert and Baron investigate?
Children watching a 3 minute clip of either ‘the untouchables’ or a race. They then saw if they chose to help or hinder a boy turning a wheel
Did Lievert and Baron see any gender differences?
boys were much more likely to hinder the wheel child than a girl
What did Fischer et al study?
participants played 25 minutes of either a violent or non-violent video game and either created an avatar or was set one.
Poor out hot sauce into a glass they want someone else to drink. Those with the violent game and own avatar were most aggressive
what did Lightdale and Prentice’s battelfield study show?
Women anonymous, women were more aggressive than men
What did Carlsmith and Anderson find about temperature?
The likelihood of a riot is higher when high temperatures are sustained. Frustration
Cold conditions can cause frustration how?
Oster- crop failure
What is the weapon effect
presence of a weapon or a picture of a weapon leading to more aggressive behaviour
What did Berkowitz and LePage do?
Participants answered questions about how to sell a car, if they like the answer they get no electric shocks. Can get up to 10. Confederate gives participant either 1 or 7 shocks. They swap roles. Weapons are left in the room for some.
What did Berkowitz and LePage find?
Weapons in the environment meant participants elicited more shocks.
Who researched into culture and violence?
Cohen and Nisbett (1997)
What did Cohen and Nisbett find?
People are more accepting of honour crimes in the south and west of America. They are more likely to justify the crime
