Aggression

Question 1

Neural explanation

Answer 1

brain structures and neurotransmitter levels. Limbic system controls emotional response
Hypothalamus - controls ANS (if damaged…)
Amygdala - controls emotional response (damage can lead to overreaction)
Serotonin - higher aggression (no inhibition)

Question 2

Neural - evaluation

Answer 2

ultimatum/Fmri
PA – benzodiazepines
Correlational research = inconclusive.
Scientific methods

Question 3

Hormonal explanation

Answer 3

high testosterone associated with high aggression.
T acts with receptors in brain
Affects neural transmission and amount of neurotransmitters at serotonergic synapse. Low S = higher aggression

Question 4

Hormonal - evaluation

Answer 4

Dolan found correlation

biological determinism

Question 5

MAOA gene

Answer 5

gene controls enzyme low of this to (warrior gene)
Only men – on X (cancelled out in women)
Mop up excess neurotransmitters (abnormal leads to aggression)

Question 6

Genetic - evaluation

Answer 6

Brunner Dutch family (but another explanation – SLT)
Legal system – free will and determinism
Objective method
Socially sensitive – blame family.

Question 7

Evolutionary explanation

Answer 7

Adaptive
Status, territory, mates, resources and dominance
Strong jawline and forehead - attractive
Men fight for risk of cuckolding

Question 8

Mate retention strategies

Answer 8

Direct guarding – give me your phone

Negative Inducement – insulting or threatening

Question 9

Evolutionary - evaluation

Answer 9

domestic abuse risk.
Correlation between suspicion of cheating and spousal violence
Can explain gender difference – Campbell but soldiers. Kung san tribe shows it isn’t inevitable

Question 10

Ethological

Answer 10

Animals aggressive because it is adaptive and is for survival. Fight for territory, status, dominance mates, resource

Question 11

Ritualism

Answer 11

Fighting in pack – not real, just for practice

Question 12

Innate releasing mechanism

Answer 12

Cue to be aggressive

Question 13

Fixed action pattern

Answer 13

Automatic reaction

Question 14

Ethological - evaluation

Answer 14

Stickleback Red fish
Haka and Eskimos support the fake fighting
PA – zookeepers
Extrapolation. Humans have different reasons

Question 15

Deindividuation

Answer 15

Feel less responsibility

Question 16

How do we feel anonymous?

Answer 16

Uniform, mask, group, identity, dark or online. Makes us feel anonymous.

Question 17

Public and private self - awareness

Answer 17

Public (less about what others think) and private (don’t judge yourself) self – awareness reduced

Question 18

Deindividuation - evaluation

Answer 18

Zimbardo
hoodies vs. names and shocks.
Doesn’t always lead to aggression – prosocial e.g. sexy times.
Help with internet trolling.

Question 19

Frustration - aggression

Answer 19

Psychodynamic
Blocked goal
F always leads to aggression. Becomes cathartic.

Question 20

Displacement

Answer 20

Abstract, unavailable or power

Question 21

Frustration - aggression evaluation

Answer 21

open carry laws (acts as a cue)
Origami activity – very quick (date or boss). Aggression through reviews
Bushman’s boxing – not cathartic. Makes you more aggressive.

Question 22

SLT - mediational processes

Answer 22

Mediational processes - ARMM

Question 23

Role model

Answer 23

Role model – we observe
Imitate behaviour
Vicarious reinforcement
Sex, status, attractiveness and age

Question 24

SLT - evaluation

Answer 24

Bandura’s Bobo doll (but boys)
Can explain cultural differences - !Kung San Tribe (lack of aggressive role models).
PA – helps in understanding of the importance of good role models.

Question 25

Situational

Answer 25

deprivation mode of freedom, relationships, independence, safety and material resources. Made worse by overcrowding

Question 26

Situational - evaluation

Answer 26

``` tweaks made (music, AC) led to decreased aggression. But found that dispositional factors are more important ```

Question 27

Dispositional

Answer 27

importation (characteristics into prison) | Low self -control, Impulsivity, Antisocial Race Sex.

Question 28

Dispositional - evaluation

Answer 28

No PA | hard to control these experiments

Question 29

Effects of media

Answer 29

Computer games – disinhibition (becomes the norm), cognitive priming (acts as a cue to aggressive behaviour. Schema created) and desensitisation (lower physical arousal).

Question 30

SLT - media

Answer 30

Normal info

Question 31

Media - evaluation

Answer 31

computer study – emotional areas switched off when playing game PA – use it to help. Nature/nurture. Krahe – showed opposite films when testing physiological arousal (less if watching violent) Bandura.