Aggression - studies

Question 1

Research support for testosterone. participants played a competitve game which they lost, they were then asked whether they wanted a rematch or to do an unrelated task. By losing, and losing status, some participants testosterone increased and most of these chose a rematch if it didn’t increased, they chose the unrelated task.

Answer 1

Mehta and Josephs (2006)

Question 2

Argued tesosterone only leads to aggression when cortisol levels are low - cortisol normally acts as a blocker for testosterone.

Answer 2

Carre and Mehta (2011)

Question 3

Research support for MAOA. found those with high MAOA activity were less aggressive and more cooperative in a money sharing task

Answer 3

Mertens et al (2011)

Question 4

Contradictory evidence to genetics. conducted a met analysis – found no single gene that was linked to aggression – said it was a combination of hundreds of genes

Answer 4

Vassos et al (2014)

Question 5

contradictory ethological. If its evolutionary, why are there cultural differences? i.e. there is more homicide in the southern states and people from the south of USA are more likely to react when insult in the experiment.

Answer 5

Nisbitt et al (1996)

Question 6

contradictory evidence for ritualistic aggression – observed chimps in a national park and over 4 years, members of 1 community brutally killed the members of another even if the victims showed as defenceless or appeasment

Answer 6

Goodall (2010)

Question 7

research support for mate retention stategies – proved a positive correlation between the prevelance of mate retention strategies and aggression

Answer 7

Shackelford (2005)

Question 8

can explain gender differences – women are less aggressive because to survive they wouldn’t be aggressive as it would put their own life at danger

Answer 8

Campbell (1999)

Question 9

Real world application to bullying, as they want to share their positive side, get them to engange in sports so they can show their prowess in an alternative way and not bully

Answer 9

Rigby (2010

Question 10

Contradictory of frustration aggression - found that participants who punched a punch bag to release aggression became more angry – like putting petrol on a fire to put it out

Answer 10

Bushman (2002)

Question 11

V – research support for frustration aggression participants had to complete a jigsaw and frustrated in 1 of 3 ways. 1) puzzle was impossible, 2) ran out of time cos confederate kept interupting, 3) insulted when they did it wrong. Then had to do an electric shocks to a confederate when they got a task wrong, p’s from condition 3 delivered the most

Answer 11

Green (1968)

Question 12

V - slt - found aggressive boys tended to group together in friendship groups of other aggressive boys. These were strong and long lasting friendships – ‘training grounds’ for aggression – X however, cause and effect is unclear
- V – real world application – encouraging kids to be friends with those that arent aggressive

Answer 12

Poulin and Boivin (2000)

Question 13

v - support for deindivudation - lychnigns

Answer 13

Mullen 1986

Question 14

v - support for deindividatoin - found those who were more anonymised online were more aggressive

Answer 14

Douglas and McGarty 2001

Question 15

x - contradictory for deindivduation

Answer 15

Gergen 1986

Question 16

Support for importation model
560 prisoners either sent to high secutiry prison or low security prisoner. They have similar aggression levels – in high security, 33% in low prisons and 36% in high were involved in aggressive acts – not significant suggesting situational factors don’t make a difference

Answer 16

• Camp and Gaes (2005)

Question 17

V – support for situational model – – analysed motives for homicides in prisons – found most common was arguments over drugs, homosexual relationships and personal property

Answer 17

Cunningham (2010)

Question 18

V – support for desensitisation - showed p’s violent and non violent films and measured arousal through skin conductance – found those who watched violence lots had less arousal

Answer 18

Krahé et al (2011) –

Question 19

V- support for dishibition showed aggression in a film that was for vengeance – ps then gave more fake shocks because they didn’t think aggression was bad

Answer 19

– Berkowitz and Alioto (1973)

Question 20

√ - support for reciprocal model - studied 94 athletes

Answer 20

Pillay

Question 21

√- support for basal model

Answer 21

Mazur et al

Question 22

Who came up with Importation model

Answer 22

Irwin and Cressey

Question 23

Who came up with Deprivation model

Answer 23

Clemmers

Question 24

X – deprivation model contradicted – studied prisoners in prisons that allowed conjugal vists- this didn’t reduce aggression

Answer 24

Hensley et al

Question 25

√ - Support for video game influences - Experimental method - – p’s playd either a violent or non violent game. Those who played violent game delivered louder blasts of white noise to an opponent

Answer 25

Bartholemew and anderson

Question 26

√ - Support for video game influence Correlational study - studied juvenile offenders – found a positive correlation between their aggression levels and the amount of violent video games they played

Answer 26

DeLisi

Question 27

√ - Support for video game influences - Longitudinal - – studied new zealanders until they were 26 years and found a positive correlation between the amount of tv they watched (violent or not) and aggressive behaviour later in life – e.g. antisocial behaviour orders

Answer 27

Robertson et al

Question 28

Who came up with the 6 aspects of FAP

Answer 28

Lea

Question 29

Who came up with the 2 main examples of mate retention strategies

Answer 29

Daly and Wilson