Agile - NOTES To Continue

Question 1

Defects that make it through testing and into a release are called ….

Answer 1

Defects that make it through testing and into a release are called “escaped defects.”

Question 2

Fast failure means …

Answer 2

Fast failure means that particular feature or proof-of-concept effort was not successful.

Question 3

The risk-adjusted backlog is a ……. or …….. backlog containing risk ……… tasks for actionable risks.

Answer 3

The risk-adjusted backlog is a sprint or release backlog containing risk response tasks for actionable risks.

Question 4

The whole team approach ensures team members ARE ……

Answer 4

The whole team approach ensures team members ARE multi-skilled, and have at least one deep specialty. “T-SHAPE”

Question 5

By completing the high-risk items first …..

Answer 5

By completing the high-risk items first, you are significantly reducing those risks and the threat of unknowns later on in the project.

Question 6

An Agile team is made up of …….

Answer 6

An Agile team is made up of generalising specialists, or “T-shaped” people with one deep knowledge area and a wide range or experience in other areas

Question 7

The Team Facilitator, also known as the ………

Answer 7

The Team Facilitator, also known as the Scrum Master, Team Coach, Iteration Manager, Project Manager, Servant Leader and many other names. Their role is to help raise and remove blockers for the team, ensure an active flow of work, and problem solve with the team when needed.

Question 8

The Team Facilitator, role is to help ….. and ….. ……….. for the team, ensure an active flow of work, and problem solve with the team when needed.

Answer 8

The Team Facilitator, role is to help raise and remove blockers for the team, ensure an active flow of work, and problem solve with the team when needed.

Question 9

Problem solving is done with ……..

Answer 9

Problem solving is done with the Agile team

Question 10

Blockers are raised as soon as possible – at least during a daily stand-up, so the team can ……………

Answer 10

Blockers are raised as soon as possible – at least during a daily stand-up, so the team can swarm around the problem, get help from any experts needed, and move on.

Question 11

”Pair programming” is a common technique in Agile and can be used for most tasks. Pairing up team members on a task or iteration gives them ……..

Answer 11

”Pair programming” is a common technique in Agile and can be used for most tasks. Pairing up team members on a task or iteration gives them the opportunity to talk and work with each other one-on-one

Question 12

1. The three C’s of User Story Creation include:
   ……………

Answer 12

1. The three C’s of User Story Creation include:
   
   • Creating the card
   • Conversation with the Product owner and developers to explain how the software or design will be used, and
   • Confirming the acceptance criteria and the definition of done.

Question 13

Lead time is a concept from Lean and the Toyota Production System. …….

Answer 13

Lead time is a concept from Lean and the Toyota Production System. Whenever you are calculating Cycle time (smaller items such as processes, story cards, or an iteration in a larger project) or Lead time (larger items such as features or the project itself) you must take into consideration both : value-added time (that directly contributes to the customer outcome) and non-value-added time (that does not directly contribute to the customer outcome).

Question 14

The product owner should “share” ……..

Answer 14

The product owner should “share” the updated items in the product backlog with the team and ensure a shared understanding “before” moving forward.

Question 15

Agile uses fast visual mock-ups or prototypes such as storyboards, wireframes, or models, to get ……..

Answer 15

Agile uses fast visual mock-ups or prototypes such as storyboards, wireframes, or models, to get a quick understanding of the requirements and consensus from all stakeholders.

Question 16

the whole team approach aims to bring ……

Answer 16

he whole team approach aims to bring all necessary people into the project team, ideally in a co-located space. It involves cross-functional team members who specialise in one skill and are fluent enough in a wide range of other skills.

Question 17

Agile promotes sustainable development, where the team is ……..

Answer 17

Agile promotes sustainable development, where the team is not overburdened and is able to work at a constant pace indefinitely. Be wary of often switching tasks or pushing for too much work during each iteration – this will burn out individuals and ultimately slow down your progress.

Question 18

The team self-assessment is used to …….

Answer 18

The team self-assessment is used to gauge the team members performance together, with the results helping to identify what is working well and where improvements can be made. The team then meets to problem solve improvements and to celebrate what is working well.

Question 19

A pre-mortem looks at reasons …..

Answer 19

A pre-mortem looks at reasons for failure before they happen, and is a great way to brainstorm risks for a card or feature. Typically, team members write their reasons down then discuss in a round-robin style, as some people may come up with the same idea.

Question 20

Agile encourages self-organizing teams, formed by ……….

Answer 20

Agile encourages self-organizing teams, formed by the people who created the requirements and had the desired outcome in the first place. This gives a higher level of ownership and product expertise, that often cannot be bought.

Question 21

There are many ways to reduce “wasteful” steps in the process of an agile team. We can stop :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. …… and more.**

Answer 21

There are many ways to reduce “wasteful” steps in the process of an agile team. We can stop :
1. the introduction of unnecessary features,
2. reduce work in progress,
3. reduce delays and hand-offs,
4. extra processes,
5. task switching,
6. waiting,
7. defects and more.

Question 22

A sprint “retrospective” is held with the Whole Team, after a …………. but before the ……………..
We use it to ………. and look for …………, and everyone has a …. .. for feedback and to implement …….. before the next sprint.

Answer 22

A sprint “retrospective” is held with the Whole Team, after a sprint review but before the sprint planning meeting. We use it to gather lessons learned and look for opportunities for improvement, and everyone has a voice for feedback and to implement improvements before the next sprint.

Question 23

An Agile team charter typically covers :
1- ……..
2- ………..
3- ………….
4- …………

Answer 23

An Agile team charter typically covers :
1- Why we are doing the project,
2- Who benefits and how,
3- What does done look like, and
4- how are we going to work together
The Agile Practice Guide (2017), Chapter Five, p49

Question 24

Agile and lean frameworks include …………….

Answer 24

Agile and lean frameworks include Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe), Large Scale Scrum (LeSS), Scrum of Scrums, Dynamic Systems Development Method, along with the more common Kanban, eXtreme programming and Scrum. The Agile Practice Guide (2017), p110

Question 25

The Product Owner adjusts the ........... of product backlog items. The team is responsible for .................... the effort for their work items. Each time the team ...................................

Answer 25

The Product Owner adjusts the **priority** of product backlog items. The team is responsible for **elaborating on and then estimating** the effort for their work items. Each time the team **refines their estimates with a higher level of detail.**

Question 26

The main difference between Scrum and Kanban is that ...........

Answer 26

The main difference between Scrum and Kanban is that Kanban teams employ a pull system. This means when an item of work is completed, it triggers someone to “pull” the next item in the queue onto the board to work on. Kanban teams work off a Kanban board that displays each task, and have a limit to how much work in progress (WIP) can be in place.

Question 27

Given, When, Then is the way **.............** is used, particularly when .................

Answer 27

Given, When, Then is the way BDD is used, particularly when outlining user Story Cards for your iteration. It highlights “Given” a certain situation, “When” something happens, “Then” we want this to happen.

Question 28

“Iterative” methods have ........... requirements, ............................................, but delivered .......................

Answer 28

“Iterative” methods have **dynamic** requirements, **repeated with feedback until they are correct,** but delivered **only once.** The Agile Practice Guide (2017), p18, Table 3-1.

Question 29

Incremental project management approach includes ................... requirements, performed ..............................., with ............ ............ deliveries.

Answer 29

Incremental project management approach includes **dynamic** requirements, performed **once for a given increment,** with **frequent smaller** deliveries. The Agile Practice Guide (2017), p18, Table 3-1.

Question 30

Sprint Reviews are for ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; Sprint Retrospectives are for ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; where we ask “What went well, what didn’t go well, what did I learn?”

Answer 30

Sprint Reviews are for **product demonstrations** Sprint Retrospectives are for **lessons learned,** where we ask “What went well, what didn’t go well, what did I learn?”

Question 31

An Agile project can accept ................ even late in development. But while the competing constraints of cost, quality and schedule are often fixed, in Agile the scope can vary. This means some features may need to ..............., as others become .................... A maintainable ................... is required too - project managers must not ........... the project team to increase the .......... of the project work.

Answer 31

An Agile project can accept **changes** even late in development. But while the competing constraints of cost, quality and schedule are often fixed, in Agile the scope can vary. This means some features may need to **drop off,** as others become **prioritised.** A maintainable **pace of work** is required too - project managers must not **overwork** the project team to increase the **pace** of the project work.

Question 32

A core component of Agile is **.......** Management and **...........** Part of this are the various parts of the project information **.......** (often physical, but can be tech-driven). This includes things such as the team **........**, **........** board, the product **........**, the **.........** chart, the **........** test results and issues, and results of **.........**

Answer 32

A core component of Agile is **Visual** Management and **transparency. ** Part of this are the various parts of the project information **radiator** (often physical, but can be tech-driven). This includes things such as the team **velocity**, **Kanban** board, the product **backlog**, the **burndown** chart, the **latest** test results and issues, and results of **retrospectives.**

Question 33

Working with business partners or someone who represents the customer almost daily is a key part of Agile. The team hears what the business would like the results to be, and meeting face to-face gets faster answers than reading documents, e-mails, or even having conference calls.

Answer 33

Working with business partners or someone who represents the customer almost daily is a key part of Agile. The team hears what the business would like the results to be, and meeting face to-face gets faster answers than reading documents, e-mails, or even having conference calls.

Question 34

A Predictive or Waterfall project management lifecycle focuses on ...... requirements, performed ..... for the project for a ...... delivery.

Answer 34

A Predictive or Waterfall project management lifecycle focuses on **fixed** requirements, performed **once** for the project for a **single** delivery.

Question 35

Agile projects centre around delivering business value, and working closely with the customers and business representatives to ensure that the value is always correct. Business risk and the impact of not undertaking the project must also be considered.

Answer 35

Agile projects centre around delivering business value, and working closely with the customers and business representatives to ensure that the value is always correct. Business risk and the impact of not undertaking the project must also be considered.

Question 36

5. **Agile is a combination of Incremental delivery and Iterative development.** That means : - ........... - ........... - ...........

Answer 36

5. **Agile is a combination of Incremental delivery and Iterative development.** That means : - business value is continuously and **iteratively** improved and prioritised, - while also being delivered in **increments** that the customer can see, feel and touch. - **The features should be complete, tested**, and quality is everyone’s responsibility.

Question 37

While it is common for the developers, testers and business representative to agree on the story card criteria, it is not signed off by the project sponsor directly. The product owner, representing the business and/or the customer, refines the feature backlog of work so they always know that business value is being delivered.

Answer 37

While it is common for the developers, testers and business representative to agree on the story card criteria, it is not signed off by the project sponsor directly. The product owner, representing the business and/or the customer, refines the feature backlog of work so they always know that business value is being delivered.

Question 38

Continuous Integration merges code to a test environment using an automated process, including automated regression tests to ensure nothing is broken. This allows the team to find and fix defects in the code more quickly. Test Driven Development writes a test first (which fails at first), then the code to ensure the test passes.

Answer 38

Continuous Integration merges code to a test environment using an automated process, including automated regression tests to ensure nothing is broken. This allows the team to find and fix defects in the code more quickly. Test Driven Development writes a test first (which fails at first), then the code to ensure the test passes.

Question 39

Minimum Viable Products (MVP) are usable features in their own right that are delivered incrementally. This allows for business value to be gained more quickly, while gathering feedback on the use of these features.

Answer 39

Minimum Viable Products (MVP) are usable features in their own right that are delivered incrementally. This allows for business value to be gained more quickly, while gathering feedback on the use of these features.

Question 40

Visual Management is a Lean principle borrowed into Agile, where we make key pieces of information as accessible as possible. Often found in the team area and often physical, it means anyone can walk through the area and see what they need at a glance. Kanban is an example of a low-tech / high touch tool.

Answer 40

Visual Management is a Lean principle borrowed into Agile, where we make key pieces of information as accessible as possible. Often found in the team area and often physical, it means anyone can walk through the area and see what they need at a glance. Kanban is an example of a low-tech / high touch tool.

Question 41

**...........** does not add **.......** to the project, and is not a **.......** of Agile.

Answer 41

**Busy-work** does not add **value** to the project, and is not a **benefit** of Agile.

Question 42

The key to Kanban is making progress .............. Progress naturally improves team ............ (no one likes being stuck, and blockers are clear for people to see and assist with).

Answer 42

The key to Kanban is making progress **visible.** Progress naturally improves team **engagement** (no one likes being stuck, and blockers are clear for people to see and assist with).

Question 43

**Continuous integration** is designed to merge all changes made to the software and **........** them **............,** discovering any defects or issues on a **.............** basis.

Answer 43

Continuous integration is designed to merge all changes made to the software and **test** them **automatically,** discovering any defects or issues on a **daily** basis.

Question 44

When voting in an Agile team, members who vote with a thumb sideways have a **............. or ................** with the decision and would like to **.........................................**.

Answer 44

When voting in an Agile team, members who vote with a thumb sideways have a **concern or conflict** with the decision and would like to **discuss it further**.

Question 45

Continuous integration aims to merge code and have a working build once a day, then executes automated tests quickly to see if anything is broken. This frequent checking ensures ............. ................. passes before a problem is identified.

Answer 45

Continuous integration aims to merge code and have a working build once a day, then executes automated tests quickly to see if anything is broken. This frequent checking ensures **less time** passes before a problem is identified.

Question 46

Acceptance tests and criteria are designed **before** the development of a deliverable, and **during** elaboration, often in : - a **“G....., W....., t....”** scenario or an **“.......,” “I want,” “........,”** scenario.

Answer 46

Acceptance tests and criteria are designed **before** the development of a deliverable, and **during** elaboration, often in : - a **“Given, When, then”** scenario or an **“As a,” “I want,” “So I can,”** scenario.

Question 47

The Agile project management approach includes **..............** requirements, **.................** until correct, with frequent **................. .........................**

Answer 47

The Agile project management approach includes **dynamic** requirements, **repeated** until correct, with frequent **smaller deliveries.** The Agile Practice Guide (2017), p18, Table 3-1.

Question 48

An Agile project manager charters both **............................................ .....................**. A project charter focuses on **(05) ...............................**. A Team Charter focuses on **..................................** And is created as a **team**

Answer 48

An Agile project manager charters both **the project and the team**. A project charter focuses on **the business case, project purpose, high level requirements, stakeholders and risks.** A Team Charter focuses on **the agreements in how the team will operate, and is created as a team.**

Question 49

**The definition of “..............”** is an important part of the Team Charter, to ensure the team knows **when a task is completed, when they can pull the next tasks, and so everyone agrees what .................... .............. ........** This could involve a card being defined, elaborated, developed, tested, reviewed and then released. The project sponsor may be included in the team charter, but does not need to sign off on it – it is an agreement amongst the team.

Answer 49

**The definition of “done”** is an important part of the Team Charter, to ensure the team knows **when a task is completed, when they can pull the next tasks, and so everyone agrees what success looks like.** This could involve a card being defined, elaborated, developed, tested, reviewed and then released. The project sponsor may be included in the team charter, but does not need to sign off on it – it is an agreement amongst the team.

Question 50

Agile Feature Driven Development starts with ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;. Once a feature is complete, the process can begin again, complete with any learning from the previous feature.

Answer 50

Agile Feature Driven Development starts with **an overall feature model, then plans, designs and builds by those features.** Once a feature is complete, the process can begin again, complete with any learning from the previous feature.

Question 51

Giving **............. of ........................** to the team and stakeholders is one way to **gain their ..................** If stakeholders are involved in decision-making, they will be **more ........... To any decision** made and to the project.

Answer 51

Giving **ownership of decisions** to the team and stakeholders is one way to **gain their buy-in.** If stakeholders are involved in decision-making, they will be **more committed to any decision** made and to the project.

Question 52

**Visible ...................** helps maintain team **...................**, and is facilitated through the use of the information **.................** : - Kanban board, - Burndown chart, - Product backlog. being clearly visible to all.

Answer 52

**Visible progress** helps maintain team **engagement**, and is facilitated through the use of the information **radiator** : - Kanban board, - burndown chart, - product backlog. being clearly visible to all.

Question 53

Agile methods recommend a team of **..... or fewer,** typically between **......................** This keeps the **communication ...................** small and ensures information travels **...................** for the team to do their work.

Answer 53

Agile methods recommend a team of **12 or fewer,** typically between **3 and 9.** This keeps the **communication channels** small and ensures information travels **quickly** for the team to do their work.

Question 54

**The NPV calculation takes the .................... into consideration already,**

Answer 54

💡 **The NPV calculation takes the number of years into consideration already,**

Question 55

**The Opportunity Cost** is the value of "the project **............................."**

Answer 55

**The Opportunity Cost** is the value of "the project **not selected."**

Question 56

**The ...... ...........** is the **stage gate or phase review.** At the review, the **progress** of the project is evaluated and a **decision** is made whether to .................. or ................ the project.

Answer 56

**The kill point** is the **stage gate or phase review.** At the review, the **progress of the project is evaluated** and a **decision is made whether to continue or cancel the project.**

Question 57

A hybrid project lifecycle approach incorporates parts of ....... (waterfall), ........., ......... and ........ It allows the project manager to tailor the approach to suit the situation.

Answer 57

A hybrid project lifecycle approach incorporates parts of Predictive (waterfall), iterative, incremental and Agile. It allows the project manager to tailor the approach to suit the situation.

Question 58

Return on Investment: **ROI** = ............ / ...............

Answer 58

Return on Investment: **ROI** = **NET** Income / Total Investment = ($240,000 - $200,000) / $200,000 x 100 = 20%

Question 59

The Benefit to Cost ratio: BCR = **............... / ...............** **A .............** value is better

Answer 59

The Benefit to Cost ratio : BCR =**Benefit / Cost.** **A higher** value is better

Question 60

The project which has the ............ internal rate of return (IRR) is the best choice.

Answer 60

The project which has the **highest** internal rate of return (**IRR**) is the best choice.

Question 61

Crystal’s core values include ........, ........ And ......, - in the same way as Agile is based around iterations over processes and tools - and understanding the impact things have on way of work and getting things done.

Answer 61

Crystal’s core values include **People, Interaction and Community** - in the same way as Agile is based around iterations over processes and tools - and understanding the impact things have on way of work and getting things done.

Question 62

Crystal ......, ....., ......, .... are based on factors such as people involved (0 to 8, all the way up to 100 or more), money involved and the general comfort level of the project.

Answer 62

Crystal **Clear, Yellow, Orange and Red** are based on factors such as people involved (0 to 8, all the way up to 100 or more), money involved and the general comfort level of the project.

Question 63

................... demonstrate the strongest resistance to change in an organization.

Answer 63

People demonstrate the strongest resistance to change in an organization.

Question 64

** ............... Selection Criteria** are created to rate seller proposals.

Answer 64

**Source Selection criteria** are created to rate seller proposals.

Question 65

**.........-......** are used to: - micro-commit to each other, - uncover blockers, and - ensure work flows freely through the team. While everyone (including an executive) is welcome to join the stand-ups, they are not specifically for reporting to an executive team.

Answer 65

**Stand-ups** are used to: - micro-commit to each other, - uncover blockers, and - ensure work flows freely through the team. While everyone (including an executive) is welcome to join the stand-ups, they are not specifically for reporting to an executive team.

Question 66

**“........... ...............”,** which are **never a consideration in the decision for a project to continue.**

Answer 66

**“Sunk Costs”,** which are **never a consideration in the decision for a project to continue.**

Question 67

**Agile projects have short iterations enabling the project team to receive early and continuous feedback on product quality throughout the development lifecycle. By getting frequent customer feedback as the project progresses, Agile teams can incorporate most new changes into the product and the development process.**

Answer 67

Agile projects have short iterations enabling the project team to receive early and continuous feedback on product quality throughout the development lifecycle. By getting frequent customer feedback as the project progresses, Agile teams can incorporate most new changes into the product and the development process.

Question 68

The process of writing a test that initially fails, adding code until the test passes, then refactoring the code is part of **................................. (TDD).** **.........-...........-.................** is the same as fail, pass, and streamline the code.

Answer 68

The process of writing a test that initially fails, adding code until the test passes, then refactoring the code is part of **Test Driven Development. (TDD).** **Red-Green-Refactor** is the same as fail, pass, and streamline the code.

Question 69

You have an obligation to comply with the law of .......................... country

Answer 69

You have an obligation to comply with the law of **your base country**

Question 70

The project manager role is more of a **...................... or an expediter than a complete project manager in a weak matrix organization.**

Answer 70

The project manager role is more of a **coordinator or an expediter than a complete project manager in a weak matrix organization.**

Question 71

The different types of Work Performance Data (07): 1. ......... of work physically completed 2. .......... and ........... performance measures 3. Start and finish dates of schedule ............ 4. Number of ................ 5. Number of ............... 6. Actual ........... 7. Actual ............

Answer 71

The different types of Work Performance Data: 1. Percent of work physically completed 2. Quality and technical performance measures 3. Start and finish dates of schedule activities 4. Number of change requests 5. Number of defects 6. Actual costs 7. Actual durations

Question 72

Although **............ factors** are not under your control, or the control of the organization, they can have as much **.............** on your ability to execute a project.

Answer 72

Although **external factors** are not under your control, or the control of the organization, they can have as much **impact** on your ability to execute a project.

Question 73

Agile **“............... ..........”, or feature demonstrations,** occur at the **.......** of an iteration or when enough cards or features have been **....................** into a set that can be showcased.

Answer 73

Agile **“sprint reviews”, or feature demonstrations,** occur at the **end** of an iteration or when enough cards or features have been **completed** into a set that can be showcased.

Question 74

**Risk ......................** involves taking focussed action to reduce the negative effect of uncertainty on the project, e.g. the **................ of high risk scope elements** from the project.

Answer 74

**Risk avoidance** involves taking focussed action to reduce the negative effect of uncertainty on the project, e.g. the **removal of high risk scope elements** from the project.

Question 75

You have been asked to prepare a document to gain the project sponsor’s sign off to access their function’s resources, that details the project goal and business case, high-level scope and requirements, high level dates and milestones, a high-level budget, and initial risk analysis. you are creating the : **............. ...................**

Answer 75

You have been asked to prepare a document to gain the project sponsor’s sign off to access their function’s resources, that details the project goal and business case, high-level scope and requirements, high level dates and milestones, a high-level budget, and initial risk analysis. you are creating the : **PROJECT CHARTER**

Question 76

You are working on an Agile project and have been asked to create a document that lists team principles, agreements, and guidelines about the acceptable behaviour by team members. You are working on : **THE ....... .........**

Answer 76

You are working on an Agile project and have been asked to create a document that lists team principles, agreements, and guidelines about the acceptable behaviour by team members. You are working on : **THE TEAM CHARTER**

Question 77

The different types of Work Performance Report from the PMBOK: **1. ........... reports** **2. .............** **3. .............** **4. ...............** **5. Electronic ...............** **6. .......................** **7. ...................**

Answer 77

The different types of Work Performance Report from the PMBOK: **1. Status reports** **2. Memos** **3. Justifications** **4. Information notes** **5. Electronic dashboards** **6. Recommendations** **7. Updates**

Question 78

To close out the project, a ....................................... about the contract completion must be provided to the seller or supplier.

Answer 78

To close out the project, a **formal and written notice** about the contract completion must be provided to the seller or supplier.

Question 79

**............... ........................** is an estimation technique that uses **data from past projects for an activity that is very similar in nature for cost or duration.**

Answer 79

**Analogous Estimating** is an estimation technique that uses **data from past projects for an activity that is very similar in nature for cost or duration.**

Question 80

The **Risk Management Plan** drives and supports other risk management processes, so it should be done as **............** as possible.

Answer 80

The **Risk Management Plan** drives and supports other risk management processes, so it should be done as **early** as possible.

Question 81

Agile story cards should have: **- ................... , - ...................., - ................. - ......................**

Answer 81

Agile story cards should have: **- the requirement, - its criticality, - test details and - clear acceptance criteria.**