Aging and Exercise

Question 1

Fastest growing segment of American Society

Answer 1

Elderly persons (>85)

Question 2

Percent of the US exceeding 65

Answer 2

13%

Question 3

By 2030, ___ % will exceed age 85

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

Percent that engage in vigorous physical activity 3 times a week for 30 minutes

Answer 4

15%

Question 5

Percentage that doesnt engage in physical activity

Answer 5

60%

Question 6

Percentage leading sedentary lifestyles

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

Most popular leisure time activities

Answer 7

Walking, gardening, and yard work

Question 8

Percentage of light to moderate physical activity

Answer 8

22%

Question 9

Physical activity occurs more among….

Answer 9

women, blacks, hispanics, older adults, less afluent persons

Question 10

Highest strength levels

Answer 10

Ages 20-40, when CSA is largest

Concentric strength declines slowly then rapidly after middle age

Question 11

The ___ declines faster than ___

Answer 11

Capacity for power generation; maximal strength

Question 12

Declines in ____ strength begin at a later age and progress more slowly than ___ strength

Answer 12

Eccentric; concentric

Question 13

___ strength deteriorates more slowly than ___ strength

Answer 13

Arm; Leg

Question 14

Strength loss relates to

Answer 14

Limited mobility and fitness status, potential for more accidents

Question 15

Motor unit remodeling

Answer 15

Normal, continuous process involving motor endplate repair and reconstructio. Deteriorates in old age

Question 16

Cessation of Motor unit remodeling leads to..

Answer 16

Denervation muscle atrophy and eventual reduction in CSA, mass, and function

Question 17

Muscle Mass decrease affects ___ fibers the most

Answer 17

Type 2; leads to an increase in type 1 fibers

Question 18

Muscle size begins to decrease at approximately age ___, decreasing by ___ by age ___

Answer 18

30; 10%; 50

Question 19

Aging leads to a ___ decline in the spinal cord axons number

Answer 19

40%

Question 20

Aging leads to a ___ decline in nerve conduction velocity

Answer 20

10%

Question 21

How does physical activity stop neural decline?

Answer 21

Slows decline of spinal cord axons and nerve conduction velocity

Question 22

Hypothalimic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis change with aging

Answer 22

Leads to menopause and andropause

Question 23

Adrenal cortex change with aging

Answer 23

Reduced output of DHEA

Question 24

Growth hormone/insulin like growth factor axis change with aging

Answer 24

Leads to somatopause

Question 25

Major age related changes in pulmonary function

Answer 25

Decreased elastic recoil of lung tissue Stiffening of chest wal Decreased intervertebral space Weakening of repiratory muscle

Question 26

Older adults pulmonary response to exercise

Answer 26

``` More flow limitation Higher ventilatory rates Approach maximal inspiratory pressure Increased expiratory resistance Approach TLC ```

Question 27

VO2 max declines ___ per year and occurs ___ as fast in sedentary

Answer 27

1%; twice

Question 28

Maximum cardiac output with aging

Answer 28

Decreased due to lower max HR and SV

Question 29

Arterial changes with aging

Answer 29

Decreased compliance

Question 30

Capillary:Muscle fiber ratio

Answer 30

Decreases with aging

Question 31

Aterial cross sectional area

Answer 31

Decreases with aging

Question 32

Gain body weight and fat until

Answer 32

fifth or sixth decade; then total body mass decreases despite increasing body fat

Question 33

Bone mass decreases ____ in those ___

Answer 33

30-50%; >60; weight bearing and resistance increase bone mass