Agression

Question 1

Behavior intended to harm another
individual

Answer 1

Aggression

Question 2

Aggression
inflicted as a means to an end

Answer 2

Proactive/Instrumental aggression

Question 3

Aggression inflicted for the sake
of aggression

Answer 3

Reactive aggression

Question 4

Extreme acts of aggression (like murder)

Answer 4

Violence

Question 5

Strong feelings of displeasure in response to a
perceived injury

Answer 5

Anger

Question 6

Negative, antagonistic attitude toward
another person or group

Answer 6

Hostility

Question 7

Evolutionary Psychology explains aggression through _________

Answer 7

Successful fighting/warfare = improved reproductive
success

Question 8

Ainsworth & Maner, 2014 on men and reproductive success and aggression found that ___________

Answer 8

If aggression in men is
about reproductive success,
then threats to reproductive
success may result in
aggression

Question 9

heritability explains about a third to a half of the variation in our _______

Answer 9

agression

Question 10

These two hormones affect agression:

Answer 10

1. Testosterone associated with higher
   aggression
2. Serotonin: may restrain impulsive,
   reactive acts of aggression

Question 11

(T/F) low executive functioning leads to higher aggression

Answer 11

true

Question 12

The cognitive abilities and
processes that allow humans to plan or inhibit their
actions

Answer 12

Executive functioning

Question 13

Albert Bandura would believe that aggression is affected by

Answer 13

learning (Social Learning Theory)

Question 14

Aggression can be positive as well as negative
reinforcement

Answer 14

• Positive reinforcement: aggression produces desired
  outcomes
• Negative reinforcement: aggression prevents/stops
  undesirable outcomes

Question 15

Physical force (e.g., spanking or hitting) intended to
cause a child pain—but not injury—for the purpose of
controlling or correcting the child’s behavior

Answer 15

Corporal Punishment

Question 16

The transmission of domestic
violence across generations

Answer 16

Cycle of violence

Question 17

involves intentional harm (physical or psychological),
repetition (the victim is targeted many times), and a power
imbalance

Answer 17

Bullying

Question 18

Bullying is universal in virtually all cultures (T/F)

Answer 18

True

Question 19

A culture that emphasizes
honor and social status,
particularly for males, and the
role of aggression in protecting
that honor leads to

Answer 19

higher rates of aggression to protect honor

Question 20

Men ALWAYS MORE VIOLENT THAN WOMEN ACROSS ALL CULTURES

Answer 20

Trueee

Question 21

The tendency to perceive hostile
intent in others

Answer 21

Hostile attribution bias

Question 22

A feeling that occurs when interrupted in progress
toward an expected goal

Answer 22

Frustration

Question 23

Frustration always elicits the
motive to aggress; all aggression is caused by frustration

Answer 23

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Question 24

Aggressing against a substitute because we can’t
aggress against the source frustration due to fear or lack of access

Answer 24

Displacement

Question 25

Reducing the motive to aggress when we imagine aggression, observe aggression, or aggress

Answer 25

Catharsis

Question 26

Negative feelings do not cause aggression (T/F)

Answer 26

False

Question 27

The tendency for the presence of guns to increase aggression

Answer 27

Weapons effect

Question 28

Berkowitz & LePage did a study on the weapons effect where when a gun was in front of a person instead of a badminton racket, they ____________

Answer 28

were more likely to give stronger shocks to another when not told too

Question 29

In aggression context, repeatedly thinking about /reliving an anger-inducing event, focusing on angry thoughts and feelings, and perhaps planning/imagining revenge

Answer 29

Rumination

Question 30

(T/F) Alcohol is a huge risk factor for agression

Answer 30

true

Question 31

Violent Pornography increases aggression while no-violent does not (T/F)

Answer 31

True

Question 32

People who already score high on known risk factors of sexual aggression who consume any type of pornography increases risk of sexually aggressive attitudes and behaviors

Answer 32

Confluence model of sexual aggression

Question 33

Four Interventions to Reduce Aggression

Answer 33

1. Self-control: techniques to control simple impulses 2. Cognitive reappraisal: interpret provocations in less emotional terms 3. Cognitive control: emotion regulation in response 4. Mindfulness: accept physical and mental experiences

Question 34

One of the most successful treatment programs for violent juvenile delinquents * Addresses persons’ problems at different levels, including adolescents’ needs and the contexts in which they are embedded (e.g., family, peer, school, etc.)

Answer 34

Multisystemic Therapy

Question 35

occurs when commitment to a failing course of action is increased to justify investments already made

Answer 35

escalation effect