Agression Flashcards
What are the theories of aggression?
Instinct theory, catharsis, frustration-aggression hypothesis, cue arousal, social learning theory.
What is the definition of aggression?
Behaviours that involve hurting another person within the rules of the sport with an intention to harm.
What is hostile aggression?
Primary intention to harm another person, inflicted with anger, e.g. tackle in football with studs up.
What is instrumental aggression?
Aggressive behaviour likely to cause harm but intended to achieve a different aim, e.g. prevent opposition scoring a goal.
What is assertive behaviour?
Behaviour that is confident and forceful but does not involve harm.
What factors may cause increases in aggressive acts?
- Poor officiating
- Temperature
- Partisan crowd
What are the strategies for controlling aggression from the perspective of an individual?
Techniques to manage anger, self-regulation, mindfulness.
What are the strategies for controlling aggression from the perspective of an organisation?
Implementing policies, training for officials, promoting fair play.
True or False: Legal tactics in sports can be considered aggressive.
False.
Fill in the blank: Baron (1977) defines aggression as any form of behaviour directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to _______.
[avoid such treatment]
What is the main characteristic of hostile aggression?
Inflicted with anger, with the primary intention to harm.
What distinguishes instrumental aggression from hostile aggression?
Instrumental aggression aims to achieve a different goal without anger.
Assertive behaviour
Does not involve intention to harm
Uses legitimate force
Within rules
What are the four theries of aggression
Frustration aggression theory
Social learning theory
Instinct theory
Cue arousal theory
Instinct theory
Aggression is natural and is necessary in development of species
Sport acts as catharsis
What are arguments against instinct theory
Human aggression is often not spontaneous
Aggression differs between cultures
No biological characteristics have been identified
Frustration aggression theory
Frustration leads to aggression
What is frustration
The blocking of a goal oriented behaviour which causes a drive to be aggressive towards the source of frustration
What are problems with frustration aggression theory
Fustration does not always lead to aggression
Aggression often occurs with no evidence of frustration
Cue arousal theory
Frustration leads to anger
People are only agressive if this is the learned response through social learning theory
What are 5. Causes of aggression
Over arousal
Type of sport
Hostile crowd
Pressure
Desire to win
Frustration
What are 5 aggression management techniques
Display non aggressive role models
Punish agressive performers
Walk away
Develop fitness levels
Reduce emphasis on winning
Encourage sportsmanship
Why are some external aggression management
Punishment
Withdrawal
Emphasis on positive role models Punish agressive
What are some internal
Stress management techniques
Withdraw yourself
Performance goals
Change in attitude
