Agricultural and social developments in the countryside

Question 1

When was Stalins ‘war against the kulaks’ speech?

Answer 1

1929

Question 2

When were peasants forced into collective farms?

Answer 2

December 1929

Question 3

When was the ‘Urals-Siberian Method’ expanded to all grain-producing regions in USSR?

Answer 3

May 1929

Question 4

Who opposed the Urals-Siberian Method?

Answer 4

Bukharin

Question 5

Who did Local Party officials call on to identify Kulaks?

Answer 5

poorer peasants - would get to use richer land

Question 6

How many party activists were sent to help dekulakisation?

Answer 6

25,000 in Nov 1929

Question 7

Who assisted the 25,000ers in dekulakisation?

Answer 7

local police, OGPU and Red Army

Question 8

How were people persuaded to join collective farms?

Answer 8

fear that they’d be called kulaks if not

Question 9

What % of farms were collectivised in 1929?

Answer 9

5%

Question 10

What percentage of peasant households were identified as kulaks?

Answer 10

15% - 150,000 deported to Siberia

Question 11

When did Stalin announce that 50% of farms had been collectivised?

Answer 11

March 1930

Question 12

Who did stalin blame for the violence of collectivisation?

Answer 12

the Party officials for their ‘overzealousness’
allowed brief return to voluntary collectivisation

Question 13

what % of households were collectivised after it was voluntary in Oct 1930?

Answer 13

only 20%

Question 14

When was collectivisation reinforced after the return to voluntary collectivisation?

Answer 14

after spring 1931

Question 15

When where all farms collectivised?

Answer 15

1941

Question 16

How did kolkhozes differ from sovkhozes in terms of land?

Answer 16

Kolkhozes - small individual farms combined
Sovkhoz - tsarist-era estates, ran by state

Question 17

What was the difference in K and S on who worked thee?

Answer 17

Kolkhoz - farms already existed, up to 75 families in a village
Sovkhoz - members recruited from landless labourers.

Question 18

how were kolkhoz members paid compared to sovkhoz?

Answer 18

kolkhoz - divided farm earnings by number of days contributed
Sovkhoz - classified as workers, paid a wage

Question 19

How private were Kolkhoz farms compared to Sovkhoz?

Answer 19

Kolkhoz - communal fields, small private plots
Sovkhoz - large-scale production, also small plots allowed

Question 20

What could be said about the farm quotas?

Answer 20

set to be low - so workers can be fed cheaply and make money off of exporting grain

Question 21

How were Kolkhozniks and Sovkhoz workers restricted from leaving?

Answer 21

internal passports - 1932

Question 22

When were Machine Tractor Stations (MTS) set up?

Answer 22

1931

Question 23

How many MTS per farm was there in 1940?

Answer 23

1 MTS : 40 farms

Question 24

How many tractors were around by the start of 1933?

Answer 24

75,000

Question 25

Who were stationed at MTS to help efficiency of farms?

Answer 25

Agronomists, vets, surveyors and technicians.

Question 26

What was a disadvantage around the efficience of MTS?

Answer 26

only improved efficiency in some areas due to machines only completely part of a process

Question 27

how did peasants oppose the process of collectivisation?

Answer 27

through killing livestock and destroying machines

Question 28

How did the armed forces respond to the unrest?

Answer 28

brutally - deporting those who resisted - maybe even burning villages

Question 29

How many people were deported as kulaks under stalin?

Answer 29

10 million.

Question 30

how were collective farms treated badly?

Answer 30

targets high, nothing if quotas not met.

Question 31

how many peasants migrated to towns and cities by 1939?

Answer 31

around 19 million

Question 32

How many people died of famine between 1932-1933?

Answer 32

6-8 million people.

Question 33

What was collectivisation a failure in accomplishing?

Answer 33

increasing agricultural productivityHo

Question 34

How far did livestock numbers fall due to peasant intervention?

Answer 34

25-30%

Question 35

How was collectivisation successful in achieving social aims for farming

Answer 35

Dekulakisations and collectivisation - farming under state control. capitalism eradicated

Question 36

What % of peasant households were collectivised in 1941?

Answer 36

100%

Question 37

What did the urban population of the USSR increase to between 1922 and 1940?

Answer 37

from 22 million to 63 million

Question 38

how many people died due to famine?

Answer 38

6-8 million

Question 39

What did the grain exports increase to from 1928 to 1931?

Answer 39

30,000 to 5 million

Question 40

What provided stalins justification for the 'Great Turn'?

Answer 40

the USSR succeeding in grain export aims