agriculture flashcards Flashcards by CLAIRE VICKERY

What is aquaculture?

the “farming” of aquatic creatures and plants

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What is the Bid-Rent Theory?

price and demand for real estate increases as the distance from the city increases

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What is biotechnology?

using living organisms to develop/make products

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What is carrying capacity?

How many people a farm can support

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What is clustered settlement?

Everyone in a population live in a close proximity

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What is the Columbian Exchange?

bringing new agriculture, socializations, and disease from the old world to the new world

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What is Commercial Agriculture?

Farming for larger companies

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What is monocropping?

only growing one crop at a time without rotating

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What is a Commodity Chain?

process of growing a product to getting to the consumer

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What is community supported agriculture?

a group of people supporting local farms while sharing risks as well

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What is deforestation?

destruction of part of a forest usually for farming

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What is desertification?

process of a place being turned into a desert

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What is dispersed settlement?

isolated farms/settlements

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What is draining wetlands?

removing the water out of wetlands to use for agriculture

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What are economies of scale?

increasing efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced increases and/or cost per unit of production decreases as the volume of product increases

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What is extensive farming?

An agricultural system that uses the products for commercialization/ the global market on a larger lot of land

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What is fair trade?

producers and laborers are paid fair prices

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What is the fertile crescent?

area in the middle east that used to be very fertile

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What is a food desert?

an area lacking access to healthy/affordable food

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What is food insecurity?

nutritious food is too expensive so a family struggles to stay healthy

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What are genetically modified organisms?

the genetics/DNA in crops is altered to have more desirable traits

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What is the global supply chain?

working around the world for a product/company/service

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What is the Green Revolution?

introducing technology to LDCs which boosted the amount of food globally, however the chemicals developed create environmental problems

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What are intensive farming practices?

More manual labor, smaller land, but most of the food is for families or the local community

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What is irrigation?

water is taken from natural resources to be spread evenly for agriculture

What is a linear settlement?

settlement in a long line along a body of water

What are local food movements?

connect food producers to the food consumers

What is farm to table?

the process of something getting from the farm to someone's table restaurants that use food directly from a local farm/garden

What is a long lot?

land is distributed in strips of land

What is market gardening?

the small scale production of fruits and vegetables sold directly to the consumer as is

What is mediterranean climate?

hot and dry summers with wet and cold winters

What is metes and bounds

uses different physical features, etc. to determine boundaries

What is organic farming?

no pesticides, GMOs, or herbicides

What is pastoral nomadism?

people move with their livestock

What are rural settlement patterns

sparsely settled places away from the influence of big cities

What are rural survey methods?

ways boundaries of agricultural land is distributed

What is the second agricultural revolution?

goes with the industrial revolution, introduces machines and technology

What is shifting cultuvation?

short periods of cultivation are followed by long periods to allow the soil to re fertilize

What is slash and burn?

burning a portion of a forest so the soil can be used for farming/agriculture

What is soil salinization?

When soil is watered, but the water evaporates leaving behind the salt from the products for vegetation

What is subsistence agriculture

agriculture farmed for the family

What is terrace farming?

building steps on a hill/mountain to farm

What is township and range?

rectangular land division scheme to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands

What is urban farming?

growing food for the local market rather than large corperations

What is a value added specialty crop?

crops/goods being turned into another product to raise the value?

What is a value added specialty crop?

crops/goods being turned into another product to raise the value

What is Vertical Integration?

one entity controls the whole process of the commodity chain

What are hydroponics?

growing crops in water

What is double cropping?

growing two crops at a time

What is intertillage?

tillage between rows of crop plants

What is the third agricultural revolution?

GMOs, chemicals, technology for LDCs

What are pesticides?

chemicals to kill pests on crops

What are herbicides?

chemicals to kill plants stunting the growth of crops

What are the extensive types of agriculture?

shifting cultivation, nomadic herding, livestock ranching, commercial grain, plantation

What are the intensive types of agriculture?

market gardening, mixed crop and livestock, mediterranean, dairy farm

What are the two subsistence types of agriculture?

shifting cultivation, nomadic herding

What is domestication?

adapting crops and animals to obey human commands

What was the commons?

shared land, clustered settlement in England

What were the Enclosure Acts?

dividing/selling the commons for individual use

Where was the first agricultural revolution?

fertile crescent

What was the diffusion of the first agricultural revolution?

trade routes and columbian exchange

What were the characteristics of the first agricultural revolution?

first domestication, nomadic hunters and gatherers

Pros and cons of aquaculture

allows natural populations to rebound, less inputs, disease, antibiotics, invasive species, and animal waste

What are the pros and cons of CAFOs?

cons: excess animal waste, antibiotics, gas pros: cheap meat

What are the assumptions of the Von Thunen model?

all land is flat, fair, trade, oxcarts and straight transportation, singular and isolated state

What is still valid with the Von Thunen Model?

land and shipping cost

where is corn grown?

idaho

Where is wheat grown?

Kansas

Where are pigs?

by corn

Where are cows?

by what