Unit 3 questions Flashcards by CLAIRE VICKERY

What is an ethnic religion?

A religion that does not actively seek converts, so it does not diffuse much outside of the hearth.

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What are the major universalizing religions?

christianity, buddhism, islam

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What are the major ethnic religions?

hinduism, judaism

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What is a religion branch?

A break-off of a religion (Islam-Shiite)

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What is a denomination?

A break-off of a branch (Christianity-Protestant-Baptist)

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What is a sect?

A break-off of a denomination (Christianity-protestant-baptist-southern baptist)

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Explain the three branches of Christianity

Catholic(51%), Protestant(24%), Orthodox(11%)

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Explain the two branches of Islam

Shiite (83%), Sunni (24%)

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Explain the three branches of buddhism

Mahayana, Theravada, Vajrayana

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What is the world’s largest ethnic religion?

hinduism

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What is a syncretic religion?

A combination of religions

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What is Animism?

The belief that parts of nature/natural events have a living conscious/soul.

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What are “the people of the book”?

Jews, Muslims, Christians (believe in the same God, believe in Abraham, Christians and Jews both have the old-testament); they all use books

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How is Switzerland able to be peaceful even though it is multilingual?

more power is given to the people than the federal government

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What is the significance of the Basque?

An isolated language w/ no language family isolated in the mountains

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How have celtic languages been preserved

Diffusion from higher power works to bring it back

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What is a lingua franca?

A language used for business

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What is the role of spanish in the US

spaniard colonization in the south

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How are the places of origin different in ethnic and universalizing religions?

ethnic- usually unknown
universal- precise origins of an important man

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What is the primary mode of diffusion for ethnic religions?

relocation

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What is balkanization?

violent break-up of a state

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What impact do sacred places have on their religion’s followers?

pride, where they travel, what they take care of

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How do religions spread

relocation, trade, warfare, media, missionaries

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What is an autonomous religion?

no hiearchy

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What is fundamentalism?

taking a religion too literally

what is the caste system?

Hindu rank that related to social order and reincarnation

What are the differences between interfaith and intrafaith?

inter- two different religions intra- in the same religion

Explain the conflicts with Palestine and Israel:

palestinians became israel's opponents (WWII Jews had to return). UN came to take the land away. Palestein: Muslim, Israel: Jewish

race

biological appearence

ethnic

cultural background

nationality

legal citizenship

what are centripetal/ centrifugal forces?

centripetal- unites religions/ states centrifugal- breaks apart religions/ states

why does ethnic conflict break out?

when there are more centrifugal forces

why are states partitioned by outside forces?

to try and maintain peace

What is ethnic cleansing

getting rid of an ethnicity

why is judaism not like other ethnic religions?

the majority practices outside of the hearth

Explain core, domain, and sphere

core: 95% domain: 75% sphere: 50%

what religions put the most emphasis on pilgramage?

buddhism & islam

How can pilgrimage aid diffusion?

joins people together

What is the Ka'ba?

big, black cube in Mecca where muslims take a pilgrimage

What is a utopian settlement?

ideal community built around religion. A place so perfect laws/ money is not necessary and everything is done through morals.

What is a hierarchical religion?

Has a power structure

What is the power structure of the Catholic Church?

Pope-cardinal- arch bishop- bishop- priest

What is an autonomous religion?

No hierarchy

What are the different types of language?

Alphabetic, syllabic, ideogrammic

What is alphabetic writing?

Uses an alphabet

What is syllabic writing?

Each character represents a syllable

What is ideogrammatic writing?

Uses symbols for phrases/ actions

What is the second largest language family?

Sino-tiberian

What is the most spoken official language?

Mandarin

What is an isolated language family?

A language that is untouched and does not diffuse

What makes African languages unique?

Lack a written tradition

What group/location/languages belong with the Indo-iranic branch

Indo European/South Asia, Hindi/denghali/Iranian/Pashtun

What group/location/languages belong with the romance branch?

Latin/SW Europe/Spanish/Portuguese/ French/ Italian

How did English diffuse globally?

Relocation colonization/ imperilization

What is a dialect?

Version of a language (vocab, spelling, pronunciation)

What is an isogloss

A boarder where the languages/ dialect change

What is BRP

British Received Pronunciation (England’s standard language)

5 pillars

Islam beliefs

4 Nobel truths

Buddhist beliefs