AI Flashcards

(58 cards)

1
Q

what is the risk of atopic disease in a child with one parent with atopy

A

50%

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2
Q

what is the risk of atopic disease in a child with 2 parents with atopy

A

70%

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3
Q

define the asthma classification & treatment:

sx 2 or less day per wk
no nighttime sx
no interference with activity

A

intermittent

short acting bronchodilator prn

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4
Q

define the asthma classification & treatment:

sx more than 2 days per week but not daily
nighttime sx 1-2x/mo
minor limitation with normal activity
requiring SABA more than 2d/wk, not daily

A

mild persistent

low dose inhaled corticosteroid
2nd line tx- leukotriene inhibitor
plus SABA prn

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5
Q

define the asthma classification & treatment:

sx daily
nighttime sx 3-4x/mo
SABA daily
some limitation with normal activity

A

moderate persistent

low-medium inhaled corticosteroid + LABA or monteleukast

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6
Q

define the asthma classification & treatment:

sx throughout the day
nighttime sx more than 1x/wk
SABA several times/d
extreme limitation with normal activity

A

severe persistent

high dose inhaled corticosteroid + LABA or monteleukast

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7
Q

risk factors for asthma persisting into adulthood (4)

A

1- onset before age 3
2- IgE elevation
3- maternal h/o asthma
4- eosinophilia

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8
Q

what % of children w/ mild asthma will outgrow it

A

60%

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9
Q

what % of infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis will develop recurrent wheeze

A

50%

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10
Q

type 1 allergic rxn

A

IgE mediated

anaphylaxis

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11
Q

type 2 allergic rxn

A

Ab mediated

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12
Q

type 3 allergic rxn

A

immune complex mediated

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13
Q

type 4 allergic rxn

A

delayed hypersensitivity

poison ivy

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14
Q

medications that interfere with skin testing

A

antihistamines

also drugs with anti-histamine effects (think anti depressants)

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15
Q

fruits children with latex allergy should avoid (6)

A
avocado
banana
chestnut
kiwi 
peach
tomato
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16
Q

what is the management of contrast media reactions

A

2/2 reaction from hyperosmolality –> degranulation of mast cells and basophils

pretreat with prednisone and diphenhydramine

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17
Q

nitroblue tetrazolium test

A

tests for neutrophil activity
normal turns blue
abnormal stays colorless

tests for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

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18
Q

CH50 test

A

tests the complement system
order this if they describe repeated serious bacterial infections
tests for complement deficiencies

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19
Q

Candida skin test

A

tests for cell mediated immunity associated with T cell defects such as in AIDS

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20
Q

TB skin test

A

tests for cell mediated immunity associated with T cell defects such as in AIDS

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21
Q

what is the best therapeutic approach for pt with digeorge

A

thymic transplantation

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22
Q

what is the dx

2 mo old p/wFTT, chronic diarrhea and recurrent opportunistic infections and thrush

also what lab?

A

SCID- absent of T and B cell fxn

CBC shows low WBC

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23
Q

what is the tx for SCID

A

BM transplant

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24
Q

what is the dx

eczema
thrombocytopenia
cellular immunodeficiency

A

wiskott aldrich

25
what is the dx male child with eczema, umltiple sinopulmonary infections, and bruising
wiskott aldrich
26
what is the inheritance of ataxia telangiectasia
AR
27
what is the inheritance of wiskott aldrich
x linked
28
what are the CBC findings in wiskott aldrich
thrombocytopenia with small plt
29
what is the dx 9 month old boy with reccurrent infection with S pneumo and H flu, noted to have small tonsils, adenoids, and spleen. Labs show decrease of all Igs
Brutonsx linked agammaglobulinemia
30
what is the treatment for bruton XLA
IVIG
31
what is the dx 9 month old boy with reccurrent sinopulmonary infections, OM, and diarrhea. On exam pt has lymphoid hypertrophy. Labs show decrease of all Igs except IgM which is high
x linked hyper IgM
32
what is the dx eczema eosinohilia and elevated IgE with chronic thrush and skeletal abnormalities!
hyper IgE/Jobs
33
what is the inheritance of CGD
xlinked and AR
34
what is the dx child with h/o delayed separation of umbilical cord now with multiple abscesses, although not filled with pus and CBC notable for elevated WBC
LAD defective chemotaxis
35
what is the dx CBC that shows WBC with lysosomal granules
chediak higashi
36
what is the inheritance of chediak higashi
AR
37
what is the dx fair child with blonde hair, blue eyes and frequent skin infections
chediak higashi
38
what is the inheritance of complement deficiencies
AR
39
on which chromosome is the immune system (HLA) encoded on
chromosome 6
40
CD8 cells recognize antigens presented with ___ antigen
class I HLA
41
CD4 cells recognize antigens presented with ___ antigen
class II HLA
42
what is the best Ab for complement activation
IgM- think of this because it reacts first
43
which Ig is secreted in BM
IgA
44
early complement deficiencies in the classical pathway result in
increase in sinopulmonary infection, pyogenic infections
45
C2 complement deficiency results in
increase risk SLE
46
late complement deficiencies result in
increased risk for recurrent N meningitis
47
what are the catalase positive organisms that results from a phagocytic d/o like CGD (6)
``` staph serratia aspergillus chromobacterium burkholderia nocardia ```
48
what immuno deficiency results in no mature B cells and no Ab present
brutons XL agammaglobulinemia
49
what infections are those with B cell deficiency prone to
bacteria- encapsulated- strep, H flu, staph virus- entero protozoa- giardia recurrent sinopulmonary infections
50
what infections are those with T cell deficiency prone to
intracellular organisms opportunistic infections bacteria- salmonella, syphilis mycobacterium virus- CMV, HSV, VZV, EBV fungi- candida, aspergillus, cryptococcus protozoa- PCP, toxo, isosporiasis, microsporidiosis
51
flow cytometry findings in XL agammaglobulinemia
no mature B cells (CD19)
52
what is the defect in XL hyperIgM syndrome
CD40L defect - important in T-to-B cell signaling - important in T-to-macrophage signaling
53
what are the 2 types of SCID
x linked SCID (still have some B cells) | ADA- adenosine deaminase deficiency- AR, no T B or NK cells
54
what are the signs of ataxia telangienctasia
combined deficiency of cellular and humoral immunity first ataxia --> telangiectasia --> immunodeficiency AR high risk of Ca
55
what is a marker of ataxia telangiectasia
increased AFP
56
what is Bloom syndrome
``` chromosomal instability d/o humoral and cellular immunodeficiency AR small stature, telangiectasias, CNS abnormalities high s/w leukemia ```
57
what is Nijmegen Breakage syndrome
combined cellular and humoral immunodeficiency AR bird-like facies and microcephaly normal/near normal IQ
58
what disease is 2/2 defect in C1 inhibitor fxn
hereditary angioedema AD recurrent episodes of angioedema, abdominal pain, extremity swelling, laryngeal edema + erythema marginatum NO urticaria