AI Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of reinsurance?
To protect insurers from high amounts of related risks
Reinsurers may operate in different territories from the original risks.
What are the five main participants in the insurance market?
- Buyers (PH/insured)
- Insurers
- Intermediaries (brokers)
- Aggregators (price comparison websites)
- Reinsurers
What types of buyers are defined in the insurance market?
- Private individuals
- Companies
- Partnerships
- Public bodies
- Charities, associations, and clubs
How are companies defined in the insurance market categorized?
- Proprietary companies
- Mutual companies
- Captive insurers
- Protected cell companies
- Lloyd’s
What is a proprietary company?
A company owned by shareholders, registered under the Companies Act 1985
Shareholders’ liability is limited to the nominal value of their shares.
What distinguishes mutual companies from proprietary companies?
Mutual companies are owned by policyholders who share in profits through lower premiums
Policyholders are liable for losses made by the company.
What is the primary function of captive insurers?
To provide coverage primarily to their parent company
They offer tax-efficient methods of transferring risk.
What are protected cell companies (PCCs)?
A type of captive insurer that ‘ring fences’ assets of participating cells
Each cell operates as a distinct insurance entity.
What is the role of syndicates in Lloyd’s Market?
Groups of private individuals or corporate investors who carry risks and provide financial backing
Known as underwriting members or names.
What is the significance of the Insurance Distribution Directive (2018)?
Introduced a new category of intermediary: ancillary insurance intermediary
This applies to those distributing insurance as a secondary activity.
What is meant by ‘contract certainty’ in the insurance market?
Complete and final agreement of all terms between insured and insurers before a risk starts
Includes certainty about contract details and the final share of risk.
True or False: All intermediaries must be authorized by the FCA.
True
Exemptions apply under specific conditions.
What is the primary function of intermediaries in the insurance market?
To act on behalf of the client when placing business, not on behalf of the insurer
They provide advice and negotiate terms and conditions.
What does the term ‘subscription market’ refer to?
A market where multiple underwriters share the risk of large exposures
This is common for risks that are too large for a single underwriter.
What are managing general agents (MGAs)?
Specialist intermediaries with authority to act for one or more insurers
They have delegated authority to issue cover.
What is bancassurance?
An arrangement between a bank and an insurance company to sell insurance products to bank customers
It combines banking and insurance services.
Fill in the blank: The state acts as an insurer in _______ benefits and pension provision.
[welfare]
What is the purpose of Lloyd’s brokers?
To facilitate access to the Lloyd’s market for intermediaries
They serve as wholesale brokers in the supply chain.
What are the three distinct elements of contract certainty?
- Certainty as to details of the contract
- Certainty as to the final share of risk
- Documentation within specified timeframes
What are appointed representatives (ARs)?
Individuals or companies appointed by an authorized person to act on their behalf
ARs can represent more than one principal under certain market practices.
What are the potential issues identified by the FCA regarding principal firms and ARs?
Inadequate control measures and insufficient oversight
This has led to new rules for enhanced oversight of ARs.
True or False: Captive insurers offer insurance to the general public.
False
They are designed to provide coverage primarily to their parent company.
What is the role of independent intermediaries in insurance?
Provide advice to clients on complex commercial insurance
Independent intermediaries are essential for navigating complex insurance products.
What are delegated authorities in insurance?
Insurers delegate authority to intermediaries to act on their behalf and issue cover
This includes binders that allow flexibility in business flow.