AI generated Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does the Scottish minimum unit pricing law aim to achieve?
Reduce the availability of cheap alcohol.
What is a ‘price-sensitive market’?
A market where consumers are unwilling to pay more than the lowest price possible.
What can happen to demand when a new lower-priced wine enters the market?
Demand for similar products may decrease.
What is the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for driving?
- Varies between countries, generally moving downward to reduce drunk driving incidents.
- New Zealand and Scotland have reduced their maximum BAC from 80 mg/100 mL to 50 mg/100 mL
- Norway and Sweden have a limit of 20 mg/100 mL.
How do drink-driving laws impact alcohol consumption?
Imposition and tightening of laws have been shown to reduce alcohol consumption
What is the role of taxation in alcohol consumption?
Higher prices may reduce consumption but also generate government revenue. Taxation includes sales tax (VAT) and specific excise duties on alcoholic drinks.
What is the difference in excise duty on still and sparkling wines in the Republic of Ireland?
Still: EUR 3.19/bottle; Sparkling: EUR 6.37/bottle. This significant difference has reduced the demand for sparkling wine.
How have wine exports changed in the last 15 years?
The value of wine exports has more than doubled. This growth has made exports a vital part of the global wine industry.
What are customs duties?
Taxes on imported goods that can be a form of revenue generation or protectionism that encourage domestic sales over imports.
What is the EU’s trade policy?
A free-trade area allowing member states to trade tariff-free. Tariffs apply to non-member states, affecting competitiveness.
What potential change could affect the UK wine market post-Brexit?
Negotiation of free-trade arrangements with countries like Australia. This could make Australian wine cheaper than EU wine.
What is an embargo?
A ban on imports or exports between countries for political or economic reasons
Example: Wine imports into Russia have fallen due to various trade embargos.
What is the wine lake and its impact? What did it lead to?
In mid 1980’s in EU, there was an excess wine production exceeding demand. This led to vine pull schemes to reduce poor quality vine acreage.
What is the relationship between area under vine and wine production?
Generally, the greater the area under vine, the greater the volume of wine that can be produced. 90% of global vineyards are used for wine production, but this varies by country.
Which country has a significant proportion of its vineyards devoted to table grapes?
China has the majority of its vineyards devoted to table grapes.
What are vine pull schemes?
Vine pull schemes are programs where growers are paid to remove poor quality vines to reduce surplus.
What has been the impact of EU restrictions on planting new vineyards?
EU restrictions have limited the planting of new vineyards, contributing to reduced wine production.
What modern techniques have increased wine production efficiency?
Techniques include better site selection, clonal selection, improved canopy management, pest and disease control, and machine harvesting.
What percentage of Chile’s vineyard area is projected to face irrigation water shortages by 2050?
95 percent.
What is the role of geographical indications (GIs) in wine production?
GIs define where grapes for wines with specific geographical names can be grown.
How do PDO systems in Europe affect wine production?
PDO systems impose strict rules on what grapes can be grown, maximum yields, and winemaking techniques, limiting production.
What is the significance of PGI wines in regions like the South of France?
PGI wines have become extremely important, increasing both production and quality.
What has been a recent trend affecting vineyard land in the USA?
Conversion of vineyards to grow almonds and pistachios as part of a strategy to combat over-supply.
