Ai MSK ankle Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the primary functions of the foot/ankle complex?
- Shock absorption
- Adaptation (stance phase)
- Stability
- Ankle strategy
- Rigid Lever
- Torque distribution
- Windlass Mechanism
The foot/ankle complex is designed for both mobility and stability, crucial for various activities.
What three primary factors form the arches of the foot?
- Articulation between tarsal and metatarsal bones
- Inert ligamentous support (aponeurosis and plantar ligaments)
- Dynamic muscle support
The arches play a critical role in weight distribution and shock absorption.
What muscles provide dynamic stability to the medial arch?
- Posterior Tibialis
- Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)
- Tibialis Anterior
- Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)
- Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)
- Plantar fascia
- Boney congruency
These muscles work together to maintain the integrity of the medial arch during movement.
List the joints of the foot/ankle.
- Distal Tibiofibular joint
- Talocrural joint
- Subtalar joint
- Midtarsal joints
- Metatarsophalangeal joints
Each joint has a specific role in facilitating movement and stability.
What ligaments contribute to ligamentous stability in the ankle?
- Lateral Collateral Ligaments
- Anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments
- Calcaneofibular ligaments
- Medial Collateral Ligaments (Deltoid ligament)
- Distal Tibiofibular Ligaments
- Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligament
- Interosseous tibiofibular ligament
These ligaments are crucial for maintaining joint stability during movement.
What are common sites of medial ankle pain?
- Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
- Deltoid ligament sprain
Understanding these conditions is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
What conditions can lead to lateral ankle pain?
- Ankle sprain (ATFL, CFL)
- Peroneal tendinopathy
- Fracture of the 5th metatarsal
These issues are often associated with sports-related injuries.
Fill in the blank: Anterior ankle pain can be caused by _______.
Anterior Impingement
Other causes include high ankle/syndesmotic sprain.
What are some common causes of heel pain?
- Plantar fasciitis
- Sever’s Disease
- Haglund’s Deformity
Heel pain is a frequent complaint among athletes and active individuals.
What are the key elements of a systems review for differential diagnoses?
- Lumbar Pathology (L4-S2)
- Systemic conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus (Peripheral Neuropathy)
- Osteomyelitis
- Gout
- Complex regional pain syndrome
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
A thorough review helps rule out systemic causes of foot and ankle pain.
What types of pain might indicate joint surface involvement?
- Sharp stabbing
- Numb
- Ache
- Stiff
- Loose
Each type of pain can provide clues to the underlying issue.
What are common mechanisms of injury for the foot/ankle?
- Blunt trauma
- Repetitive/quick movements
- Muscle strain
- Overuse areas
- Nerve entrapment sites
Identifying the mechanism of injury is crucial for effective treatment.
What assessments should be performed during the evaluation of the foot/ankle?
- Functional Assessment
- Peripheral Joint Scan
- AROM
- RIMS
- PROM
- Joint Play
- Special Testing
These assessments help gather comprehensive data for diagnosis.
What observations are key during the assessment of a patient with foot/ankle issues?
- Swelling (girth measurement, edema)
- Bruising/skin integrity
- Muscle asymmetry in girth/activation
- Overall fitness level and body type
- Shoe choice and wear patterns
- Job/recreational activities
Observations can provide insight into the functional demands on the foot/ankle.
What are the components of assessing gait?
- Deviations during loading response
- Stance phase (midstance -> terminal stance)
- Pre-swing phase
Gait analysis is essential for identifying functional impairments.
What does the assessment of functional mobility/ROM include?
- Closed Kinetic Chain (squat, Y-balance, lunges)
- Open Kinetic Chain (AROM/PROM, dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, inversion/eversion)
Functional mobility assessments help determine the patient’s ability to perform daily activities.
What is the purpose of a problem list in assessment?
- Identify the pain generator
- Tie impairments directly to treatment
A clear problem list aids in developing a focused treatment plan.
What should be assessed during the neuro screen?
- Myotomes
- Dermatomes
- Deep Tendon Reflexes
- Straight Leg Raises (nerve bias)
A neuro screen helps identify neurological involvement in foot/ankle symptoms.
