red flags fractures etc

Question 1

Decide: Treat, Treat & Refer, Immediate Referral?

Answer 1

Red Flag Screening Strategies

Question 2

use evidence (red flags) and clinical profile (urgency/repeat visit/symptoms progression/comorbidities) to determine a _______

Answer 2

level of concern

low - no concerning features green
next - few concerning features yellow
next - some concerning features red
do not begin therapy
high - some concerning features red
do not begin therapy

Question 3

subjective questioning for red flags of LE / spine

Answer 3

MOI : trauma - major red flag for fracture
OP : red flag for fracture
-elderly women
-age
-recent falls

Question 4

myelopathy - compression of the cervical spinal cord

any space occupying lesion within the c/s that narrows the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) and can cause cervical myelopathy

spinal stenosis is usually caused by cervical spondylosis (degenerative changes in c/s) but can also be result of trauma (fractures and instability) and inflammatory conditions or herniated discs or tumors

Answer 4

c/s red flags

Question 5

compression of the cervical spinal cord

Answer 5

myelopathy

Question 6

any space occupying lesion within the c/s that narrows the spinal canal

Answer 6

c/s spinal stenosis

Question 7

spinal stenosis can be caused by ….

Answer 7

cervical spondylosis (degenerative changes in c/s)

trauma (fractures and instability)

inflammatory conditions

herniated discs or tumors

Question 8

c/s radiculopathy vs c/s myelopathy

muscles wasting bilateral or unilateral

Answer 8

c/s radiculopathy = unilateral

c/s myelopathy = bilateral

Question 9

c/s radiculopathy vs c/s myelopathy

muscle stretch reflexes

Answer 9

c/s radiculopathy = + weak

c/s myelopathy = + hyper