AI Quiz Flashcards
What are the tissue layers of the aortic valve?
Fibrosa: the aortic side of the cusp
Spongiosa: the middle layer, the body of the cusp.
Ventricularis: the Ventricular side of the cusp.
What types of cells compose the tissue of the aortic valve?
Collogen, Fibrinogen and Elastin- -providing tensile strength.
what is the basic cross sectional anatomy of the aorta?
Tunica Adventitia
Tunica Media
Tunica Intima
What are the regions of measurement for the aortic valve?
LVOT: measure the diameter at the insertion of the valve cusps.
AO at the Sinuses: Measure the diameter of the sinuses of Valsalva
ST Junction: Measure the diameter of the sinotubular junction.
Ascending Aorta: Measure the diameter of the Aorta distal to the ST Junction
Aortic Arch
Descending AO
List some causes of Aortic Regurgitation
congenital aortic valve disease; bicuspid hypertension rheumatic fever infective endocarditis Marfan Syndrome ankylosing spondylitis adult degenerative disease trauma rheumatoid arthristis syphilis aortic dissection membraneous subaortic stenosis anarexogens: fenfen
What is the Nl for the Aortic anulus?
2.0-3.1 cm
What is the Nl for the sinuses of Valsalva?
2.9-4.5 cm
What is the Nl for the sinotubular junction?
2.2-3.6 cm
What is the Nl for the ascending Ao?
2.2-3.6 cm
What is the Nl for the Ao arch?
2.2-3.6 cm
What is the Nl for the descending AO?
2.0-3.0 cm
What are the grades of AI based on Vena Contracta
< 3mm = Mild
4-5mm = Moderate
>6mm = Severe
What are the grades of AI based on jet height in LVOT?
Grade 1+ -Mild = < 4mm
Grade 2+ Moderate = 4-7mm
Grade 3+ Moderate/Severe = 8-10mm
Grade 4+ Severe = > 10mm
What are the grades of AI based on RJA/LVOT area?
Grade 1+ -Mild = < 4%
Grade 2+ Moderate = 4-24%
Grade 3+ Moderate/Severe = 25-59%
Grade 4+ Severe = > 60%
What are the 4 quantitative methods of grading AI by ColorFlow?
- measure Vena Contracta (mild, moderate, severe)
- measure the height of the Jet ( grade + mild, moderate,moderate to severe, severe)
- Divide the jet width by LVOT width
- Evaluate length of jet in LV
What are the grades of AI based on jet length in LV?
Mild 1+ = narrow jet in LVOT
Moderate 2+ = Jet extends to MV leaflet tips
Mod/Severe 3+ = Jet extends to Pap level
Severe 4+ = Jet extends into apical level.
What are the PHT Ranges for AI?
Mild > 500m/s Moderate = 350-500 m/s Mod/Severe = 200-350 m/s Severe = < 200 m/s The greater the insufficiency, the faster the pressure half time.
What Doppler changes will manifest with AI?
Increased LVOT velocity > 1.5 m/s
Increased LVOT VTI > 40cm
MV decel time < 150ms
What are the grades of AI based on ERO?
Mild = < 0.1cm2 Moderate = 0.1 - 0.3cm2 Severe = > 0.3cm2
What are the grades of AI based on Regurgitant Volume (RV)?
Mild = < 30cc
Moderate 30-50cc
Severe > 60cc
What are the grades of AI based on RF%?
Mild = < 30%
Moderate 30-50%
Severe > 50%
What is the equation for RVar?
RVar = SV (lvot) - SV (mv)
What is the equation for RF%ar?
RFar = RV / SV (lvot)
what is the equation for ERO using Ar VTI?
ERO = RV / AI jet VTI
