AIA Flashcards
In the simplest terms, what is §101?
The right to obtain a patent. “Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor.”
35 USC 101
In the simplest terms, what is §102?
Novelty.
You must be the first person to invent (disclose or file) your invention.
35 USC 102
Describe a scenario where you are first to publicly disclose, second to file, yet are entitled to a patent; whereas the first party to file is not entitled.
First date: You publicly disclose.
Second date: They publicly disclose.
Third date: They file
Fourth date: You file.
The fourth date is within one year of the first date. Their disclosure cannot be used against you; but your disclosure can be used against them.
Both you and they came up with the identical invention independently.
35 USC 102(b)(1)(B)
For a published application or patent to be used as prior art, what is the key date?
It’s filing or priority date. Thus, a publication may be prior art against an invention even it was not publicly known as of the filing date for the invention.
35 USC 102(d)
How has “reduction to practice” changed under AIA?
The old concepts of “constructive reduction to practice” [filing a patent application] and “actual reduction to practice” [the invention works as intended] are no longer applicable for any legal purpose, for applications filed on or after March 16, 2013.
35 USC 102
In order to claim an invention is “owned by the same person,” what are the three requirements to use a joint research agreement for this purpose?
- The invention was made by, or on behalf or, the parties to a joint research agreement, on or before the filing date.
- The invention is the result of activities under the scope of the joint research agreement.
- The application discloses, or is amended to disclose, the names of the parties to the joint research agreement.
35 USC 102 (c)
Prior to AIA, some prior art and usage could be used against you dependent on in which country they occurred. What geographic limitations exist now?
None. Any public use, offer for sale, sale, or disclosure or publication, anywhere in the world is treated the same. (Disclosure by the inventor within one year is not prior art.)
35 USC 102
Prior to AIA, the “first to invent” was entitled to a patent. How was “first to invent” determined?
A proceeding before the Patent Board of Appeals and Interference, called an “interference hearing” was held, to determine who was first, as determined by reduction to practice and other evidence.
Interference hearings no longer exist.
35 USC 102
Prior to AIA, whether or not prior art was published in English mattered. Does it now?
No. There is no mention of language is the current patent law for prior art. An English translation of a foreign document may still be required for priority or filing date or for a submittal by an applicant.
35 USC 102
Some people say the new law is not really, “first to file,” but rather, “first to disclose.” What do they mean?
Under new §102(b), a disclosure made (by anyone) cannot be used against you, if prior to that disclosure, you publicly disclosed. This is true even if they were first to invent and first to file–so long as you did not derive your invention from them.
Not that the disclosures still must be 1 year or less from the filing date.
35 USC 102(b)(1)(B)
Suppose you and someone else each publicly disclose, each of you claims originally and accuses the other of copying. How is this resolved?
A “derivation hearing” is held by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, the PTAB, (which used to be called the Board of Patent Appeals and Interference, the BPAI).
35 USC 135
There are four bars to obtaining a patent because it is “not novel.” What are they?
- Patent
- Described in a printed publication
- In public use,
- A sale or offered for sale.
None of these bars has any grace period. Note that “printed publication” now includes availability on the internet.
35 USC 102
There is still a “one year grace period” under the AIA. What does that grace period cover?
Disclosures made by the inventor (or another who obtained the subject matter from the inventor) within one year of the filing date.
35 USC 102(b)
What are the categories of public use that are bars to patentability in §102?
- Public Use
- A sale or bona fide offer for sale, even if not known to the inventor
- Other wise available.
35 USC 102(a)(1)
What are the categories of publications, such as could be prior art?
- Patents
- Published patent applications
- Non-patent publications, including information available on the web.
35 USC 102 (a)(2)
What are two oft-stated important differences between the old law and the new law, for inventors?
- New law is the “first to file” is entitled to a patent, rather of the “first to invent.”
(From “first to invent” to “first to file” system) - New law makes no mention of what country in which an act or disclosure occurs–previously, actions in the US, and actions in WIPO member states had unique attributes.
35 USC 102
What date did the America Invents Act (AIA) fully take effect?
Key provisions, such as new §102 and §103 took effect March 16, 2013. Other provisions took effect September 16, 2012.
AIA
What is the “effective filing date” of an application as applied to “first to file” [§102(a)]
The earlier of:
- Actual filing date, or
- The earliest applicable filing date for a patent or application that is entitled to a right of priority or the benefit of an earlier filing date.
35 USC 102(d)
Can “nonanalogous art” be used to overcome both §102 and §103 rejections?
No. Only §103 (obviousness) rejections.
MPEP 2141.01 (a)
Can “secondary considerations” be used to overcome both 102 and 103 rejections?
No. Only §103 (obviousness) rejections.
MPEP 2131.04
Can “teaching away” be used to overcome both 102 and 103 rejections?
No. Only §103 (obviousness) rejections.
Can an examiner make a 102 rejection where the “arrangement of elements” in the reference is slightly different that the claim being rejected?
No. For a §102 rejection, the arrangement of elements must be the same, otherwise the examiner should use a §103 rejection.
MPEP 2141
In the simplest terms, what is §103?
Obviousness. Your invention cannot be “obvious” to an ordinary person trained in the art, as of your filing date.
35 USC 103
An inventor is not entitled to a patent if the invention is “obvious.” What is “obvious?”
“The differences between the claimed intention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art.”
As of the effective filing date.
35 USC 103