Aims , Hypothesis + Variables Flashcards
(11 cards)
What is an aim ?
States the intended purpose of an investigation. If asked to write the aim of a study start with : to investigate.
What is the alternative hypothesis ?
A precise and testable statement that predicts a difference or relationship ill be found in an investigation (difference = manipulate variables + relationship = correlational study
What is the null hypothesis ?
A statement that predicts ere will be no difference or relationship in an investigation.
What is a directional hypothesis ?
States the direction of the practical difference/relationship between two conditions
What is a non-directional hypothesis ?
States that there will be a difference/relationship between two conditions but not what it will be
What is the independent variable ?
This is the variable manipulated by the researcher , it is thought to directly affect the dependent variable.
What is the dependent variable ?
This is the variable measured by the researcher.
What is operationalisation ?
Making it very clear how the key variables were manipulated/measured so that the hypothesis an be written in a way that can be tested by many psychologists.
How do you write a non-directional hypotheses ?
No previous research or research is inconsistent :
There will be a difference between X and Y (substitute the X and Y for thee independent variable) and the (insert dependent variable)
How do you write a directional hypotheses ?
Participants who X (IV) DV (directional word) than those who Y (IV)
Example : participants who get eight hours of sleep will complete the puzzle quicker to those who get four hours of sleep.
How to write a null hypotheses ?
There is no difference/relationship between X and Y and the DV
Example : there is no relationship/difference between participants time taken to complete a puzzle for those who have gotten 7 hours of sleep and those who get 4 hours of sleep.
